Research Hypothesis

&
Research Variable
By Navneet Kumar Vishnoi
Assistant Professor
Teerthanker Mahaveer University
Topic Outline
Learning Outcome
Defining Hypothesis
Sources of formulating hypothesis
Characteristics of Hypothesis
Hypothesis contribution in Research Study
Types of Hypothesis
Defining Research Variable
Types of Research Variable
Learning Outcome

Understand the meaning and characteristics of

Hypothesis
State the importance in Research Study
Explain different types of hypothesis
Understand the meaning of research variable
Explain different types of research variable
Hypothesis Definition
Hypothesis is considered as an intelligent guess or
prediction, that gives direction to the researcher to
answer the research question.

Hypothesis is defined as the formal statement of

the tentative or expected prediction or explanation
of the relationship between two or more variables
in a specified population.
 A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement
of the expected relationship between two or
more variables under study.

A hypothesis helps to translate the research

problem and objective into a clear
explanation or prediction of the expected
results or outcomes of the study.
Research Conceptual
Problems framework

Sources
of formulating
hypothesis

Literature
review
Characteristics of Hypothesis

It should be related to body of knowledge.

It should be simple, specific and
conceptually clear.
It is operationally stated in measurable
terms so that it is cable of verification.
A hypothesis must be testable which means
it is amenable to empirical verification.
Hypothesis makes the following
contributions in research study
It provides clarity to the research problem
and research objectives

It describes, explains or predicts the

expected results or outcome of the research.

It indicates the type of research design.

It directs the research study process.

 It identifies the population of the research
study that is to be investigated or examined.

It facilitates data collection, data analysis

and data interpretation
Types of Hypothesis

Hypothesis

Research Null Testable

Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis
 Associative
Hypothesis

Causal
Hypothesis

Non-Directional
Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Directional
Hypothesis

Complex
Hypothesis

Simple
Hypothesis
 Associative Null
Hypothesis

Causal
Hypothesis

Null
Hypothesis
Complex
Hypothesis

Simple
Hypothesis
Hypothesis testing errors
Research Variable
Research variables are defined as qualities,
properties, characteristics, behaviors,
attributes etc. of people- individuals or
group, objects, situations, activities etc. that
changes or vary. Variable are manipulable
and measurable.
Type of Research Variable
Independent
Variable

Dependent
Research Variable
Variable
Extraneous
Variable

Environmental
Variable

Demographic
Variable