CMS:21262

DPT 1st Semester

Riphah International
University,
Islamabad.
 War of Independence is an important landmark in the
history of Sub-Continent.
This War was fought in 1857 by Indians against the
British in order to get rid of their domination.
It is also given names as Indian Rebellion, Indian Mutiny
as well as Indian Revolt.
The main causes of the War were:

Political
Social &
Religious
Economical
Military
 In January the British announced that they would introduce a
new rifle with a paper cartridge covered with grease of cow
and pig fat which had to be bitten off before use. Sepoys
refused to use these cartridges.
In March a Sepoy named Mangal Pandey defied his British
officer and was executed.
In May Sepoys of Meerut refused to touch the new cartridge so
were imprisoned. The soldiers
freed them and marched to
Delhi to captured it.

The Relief At
Lucknow
 The War spread and British lost control of Mathura, Kanpur,
Jhansi, Allahabad and Lucknow as well(now known as Uttar
Pardesh).
British proved to be much more powerful and quickly regained
the areas they had lost.
In September Delhi was regained and Bahdur Shah was exiled
to Burma.
In August of 1858 the war was officially over.

Bahadur Shah
Zafar and his
Begum
1. Lack of unity
-There was an extreme lack of communication and coordination among
the groups of freedom fighters.
-They had different objectives. Some wanted revival of Mughal rule where
others felt oppressed by it.
-Hatred for each other on the basis of religion.
2. British strength
-The British used these mutual conflicts to separate the freedom fighters.
-English troops were modern and strikingly advanced not only in warfare
but also in communication.
-To deliver a message or
order they could simply
wire it with a few minutes.
 This loss declared the British masters of India now
stronger than before.
East India Company was abolished and they took full
control of affairs.
In 1877 the Queen Victoria was given the title as
Empress of India.
Viceroys were appointed who were responsible for all the
acts in the country.
The British stopped funding Muslim schools so they did
not attend schools and became uneducated.