Basic Human Needs

BASIC CONCEPT

INDIVIDUAL
UNIQUENESS
HOLISM
INDIVIDUAL
HEALTH

HOMEOSTASIS
 WHAT IS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS?

The element required for survival and normal

mental and physical health

(Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition. 2009,

Elsevier)
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC NEEDS
People meet their own needs relative to their own priorities
Although basic needs generally must be met, some needs
can be deferred
Failure to meet needs results in one or more homeostatic
imbalances, which can eventually result in illness or death
A need can make itself felt by either external or internal
stimuli.
A person who perceives a need can response in several
ways to meet it. The choice of response is largely a result
of learned experiences, lifestyle, and culture values.
Needs are interrelated. Some needs cannot be met unless
related needs are also met.
Needs can be Objective/Physical or Subjective
 BEHAVIOR TO MEET NEEDS

Needs can be satisfied in healthy or unhealthy

behavior:
a. Does not harmful/harmful to others or to self
b. conform/ does not conform to the individuals
sociocultural and spiritual values
c. within/ not within the law
Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs
(1943)
MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Physiologic needs

Food
Air
Drink
Shelter
Warmth
Sex
Sleep
Maintenance of
homeostasis
ABRAHAM MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Safety and security

Protection
Security
Order
Law
Limits
Stability
ABRAHAM MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Love and Belongingness

Family
Affection
Relationships
Work group
ABRAHAM MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-esteem
Feeling good about
ones self
Two factors affecting
Self-esteem
Yourself
Sense of adequacy
Accomplishment
Others
Appreciation
Recognition
Admiration
ABRAHAM MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-actualization

Personal growth and

fulfillment
Able to fulfill needs and
ambitions
Maximizing ones full
potential
 MASLOWS MODIFIED
HIERARCHY OF EIGHT NEEDS (1990)

Additional needs:

Need to know and

understand

Aesthetic needs

Transcendence
 MASLOWS MODIFIED
HIERARCHY OF EIGHT NEEDS (1990)
Need to know and
understand (Cognitive
needs):
Knowledge
Meaning
 MASLOWS MODIFIED
HIERARCHY OF EIGHT NEEDS (1970)

Aesthetic needs:

Beauty
Balance
Form
 MASLOWS MODIFIED
HIERARCHY OF EIGHT NEEDS (1970)

Transcendence:

Helping others to achieve

self actualization
ABRAHAM MASLOWS MODIFIED HIERARCHY
as ADAPTED BY RICHARD KALISH (1983)

Stimulation
needs
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
SELF-ACTUALIZED PERSONS

1. They perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty;

2. Accept themselves and others for what they are;
3. Spontaneous in thought and action;
4. Problem-centered (not self-centered);
5. Unusual sense of humor;
6. Able to look at life objectively;
7. Highly creative
8. Resistant to enculturation, but not purposely unconventional;
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
SELF-ACTUALIZED PERSONS

9. Concerned for the welfare of humanity;

10. Capable of deep appreciation of basic life-experience;
11. Establish deep satisfying interpersonal relationships with a
few people;
12. Peak experiences;
13. Need for privacy;
14. Democratic attitudes;
15. Strong moral/ethical standards.
 BEHAVIOR LEADING TO SELF-ACTUALIZATION

1. Experiencing life like a child, with full absorption and

concentration;
2. Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths;
3. Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences
4. instead of the voice of tradition, authority or the majority;
5. Avoiding pretense ('game playing') and being honest;
6. Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not
coincide with those of the majority;
7. Taking responsibility and working hard;
8. Trying to identify your defenses and having the courage to
give them up.
 Human Needs Theory by Yura and Walsh
(1983)
1. Nutrition 14. Gas Exchange
2. Territory 15. Fluid and electrolyte
3. Air 16. Free from pain
4. Loved and Loving 17. Sensory integrity
18. To be recognized and
5. Activity
accepted
6. Tenderness
19. Conceptual rationalization
7. Sleep and Problem Solving
8. Autonomy 20. Feeling save and security
9. Responsible and self control 21. Body image
10. Integrity and spirituality 22. Sexual integrity
11. Spiritual Integrity 23. Adaptation and Stress
12. Effective perception management
13. Self Esteem
 MARSHALL ROSENBERG:
SOME UNIVERSAL NEEDS
- Physical Well-being Needsair, food, water, shelter,
rest, movement, touch, sexual expression

- Autonomy Needschoice of dreams / goals / values,

choice in plans for fulfilling them

- Integrity Needsauthenticity, meaning, purpose, self

worth, way to contribute to life

- Celebration Needshonoring small successes and big

successes, mourning losses of loved ones and dreams
MARSHALL ROSENBERG: SOME
UNIVERSAL NEEDS
- Interdependence / Connection Needsacceptance,
appreciation, consideration, community, emotional
safety, honesty, love, respect, reassurance, support,
trust, understanding

- Recreation / Play Needscreativity, fun, laughter,

relaxing activities

- Spiritual Needsbeauty, harmony, inspiration, order,

peace