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Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen

Chapter 8

Output Stages and Power Amplifiers

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-1


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In this chapter, we will:

Describe the concept of a power amplifier.


Describe the characteristics of BJT and MOSFET
power transistors
analyze the temperature and heat flow
characteristics of devices using heat sinks.
Define the various classes of power amplifiers
and determine the maximum power efficiency of
each class of amplifier.
class-A power amplifiers.
class-AB power amplifiers.
Design an output stage using power MOSFETs as
the output devices.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-2
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Typical dc Beta Characteristics
for 2N3055

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-3


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Safe Operating Area for BJT

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-4


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Interdigitated BJT:
Top and Cross-Sectional Views

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-5


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Typical Characteristics
for High-Power MOSFET

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-6


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High-Power MOSFET Structures

VMOS DMOS HEXMOS

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-7


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Drain-to-Source
Resistance
Versus ID

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-8


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2 Packaging Schemes and
Typical Heat Sink

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-9


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Electrical Equivalent Circuit:
Heat Flow From Device to Ambient

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-10


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Power Derating Curve

T j ,max Tcase
PD ,max
devcase

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-11


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IC Versus Time Characteristics

class-A class-B

class-AB class-C

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-12


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Class-A Common-Emitter Amplifier

(max) 25%
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-13
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Class-B Complementary Push-Pull
Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-14


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Voltage Transfer Characteristics:
Complementary Push-Pull Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-15


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Crossover Distortion:
Complementary Push-Pull Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-16


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Effective Load Line:
Ideal Class-B Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-17


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Average Power Dissipation Versus Peak
Output Voltage:
Class-B Output Stage

2
VCC
PQn (max) 2
RL
(max) 78.5%

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-18


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Bipolar Class-AB Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-19


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Characteristics of Class-AB Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-20


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MOSFET Class-AB Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-21


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Effective AC Load Line:
Class-C Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-22


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Inductively Coupled Class-A Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-23


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Transformer-Coupled Common Emitter

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-24


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Transformer-Coupled Emitter Follower

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-25


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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Q-Point Established
by Diodes

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-26


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Class-AB Output
Stage:
VBE Multiplier Bias

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-27


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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Input Buffer BJTs

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-28


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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Darlington Pair

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-29


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