LATEST DEVELOPMENT OF

HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY : GUIDED BY :
MAYUR PARMAR ASSIST. PROFESSOR
(15BCH027) SANDIP SHARMA
CONTENT

Introduction
Problems
Solutions
Current methodology
Advantages and disadvantages of current methodology
Latest research
 INTRODUCTION

Substance which is harmful for environment or human health because of its toxic,
physical, chemical, reactive, flammable, corrosiveness or explosive characteristics.
Hazardous waste is may be in solid, liquid or gas any form.
Under RCRA hazardous waste classified in mainly four groups.
1. F-list
2. K-list
3. U-list
4. P-list
 In India 80% of hazardous waste are generate from the mainly states of Gujrat, Rajasthan,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
TRANSPORTATION:
Generally hazardous waste is transported by truck over public highways.
Some amount of hazardous waste is transported by rail and in by boat in water way.
PROBLEMS

Hazardous waste is harmful for animal, human or plant.

It causes serious injury or death of human, plant or animal.
Here main two type of problems are occur because of hazardous waste.
1. Environment problems
2. Public health problems
SOLUTIONS

Reduction of toxic use

Strict timelines and precautionary clean-up.
Citizen involvement.
Reduce waste and pollution.
Recycle and compost as much waste as possible.
Identify the wastes and get information from msds and manage them carefully.
Chemically or biologically treat or incinerate waste that can't be reduced, reused, recycled,
or composted
CURRENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE
HAZARDOUS WASTE
In this days many types methods are available to manage hazardous waste which is given below.
Landfills

Incineration
Recovery and recycling
Plasma gasification

Composting
Waste minimization
Pyrolysis
Resource recovery
LANDFILLS

Most common method in this time.

Generally found in developing countries.
Dangerous and harmful gases are produce in landfill.
Gases are methane, carbon dioxide etc.
Methane gas is useful in produce the energy.
ADVANTAGES OF LANDFILLS :
From the burying of landfill, we get gases and from these gases we can produce energy.
The waste products of landfills can be used as direct fuel for combustion or indirectly they
can be processed into another fuel.
Organic material can also be separated from a properly designed landfill which can be
used for compost or production of natural gas.
The landfills that are properly managed can capture the natural gas or methane that is
produced by the underground decomposing material.
DISADVANTAGES OF LANDFILLS :

The areas surrounding become heavily because of landfills.

Landfill generates the pollution in air, water and also the soil.
It is difficult to keep the dangerous chemicals from leaching out into the surrounding area
in a poorly developed landfill.
It can cause diseases and illness in the communities living around the landfill.
INCINERATION

Waste is burned at very high temperature and convert into gaseous product.
So decrease the volume of waste 20 to 30 times from original waste.
Countries where landfill space is less use this method.
ADVANTAGES OF INCINERATION :

Incineration causes a significant reduction in the volume of waste. The reduction in the
original volume and weight 95% and 75% respectively.
It helps providing a renewable source and conserving valuable raw materials.
Incineration does not generate methane gas.
It occupies small land.
DISADVANTAGES OF INCINERATION :

It causes atmospheric pollution if incineration maintained.

Incinerators are costly to construct, operate and regulate.
Incineration process produces ash and waste water from pollution control devices.
RECOVERY AND RECYCLING:

Waste items are convert into other form to next specific use.
We also convert them to energy like heat, fuel or electricity,.
Recycling is to reduce energy usage, reduce volume of landfills, reduce pollution of air
and water.
In the landfill some materials are send for reuse and some products are send to recycle
process.
ADVANTAGES OF RECOVERY AND RECYCLING:

It helps in mitigating global warming and also in reducing pollution.

It can help to save money.
It can reduce allied activities like transportation and mining.
It spreads awareness for the environment.
DISADVANTAGES OF RECOVERY AND RECYCLING :

Recycling of garbage will require separate factories.

Recycling will produce pollutants after breaking down the waste materials.
Recycling can create more environmental problems, if not done it right.
Recycling does not give guarantee to give good quality products.
PLASMA GASIFICATION

It is very advanced and environment friendly technology.

Here we passes strong electric current between two electrodes, so our waste material is
convert into vaporized material.
It is non incineration thermal process.
It is used at very high temperature around 2200 to 14000 C.
Here we convert organic material into synthetic gas.
ADVANTAGES OF PLASMA GASIFICATION :

It unlocks the highest amount of energy from waste

It does not produce methane gas.
It has virtually no harmful emissions in environmental.
Production of clean alloyed slag which could be used as construction material
DISADVANTAGES OF PLASMA GASIFICATION :

Plasma gasification ultimately releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which is
harmful for environment.
Here we require large capital costs compare to current landfills.
The filters and gas treatment systems are sources of toxic waste themselves. Some of are
poor candidates for plasma processing.
WASTE MINIMIZATION

Most easier method to manage waste.

Waste minimization is aimed at reducing the production of waste
We can substitute hazardous waste material used in process with nonhazardous waste
material.
We can also change the process and also reducing and recovery of hazardous material.
PYROLYSIS

Pyrolysis is a form of treatment that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in

the absence of oxygen.
Pyrolysis typically occurs under pressure and at operating temperatures above 430
Pyrolysis is a developed technology.
Pyrolysis is two types:
1. drying pyrolysis
2. oxidizing pyrolysis
ADVANTAGES OF PYROLYSIS :

Here the cost is low and also increase the safety. Maintenance is also reduced.
Here we get maximum yield of oi and here stable reaction is occurring.
Here we have negligible risk of fire.
In pyrolysis reactor is made from stainless still. So, reactor has a long life.
It is continuous process so manpower is required very low.
Pyrolysis is environment friendly technique so here no harmful effect to environment.
DISADVANTAGES OF PYROLYSIS :

When plastic is burn, it produces toxic gases. For example, during combustion of toluene
it produced polystyrene.it causes blindness, vomiting and another inhalation.
When PVC is burn. it will produce toxic hydrogen chloride gas.
When our waste is inorganic waste that time pyrolysis is not effective.
ADVANCE RESEARCH
Pyrolysis, gasification and landfills are most useful technologies to manage hazardous waste in this
time.
In America about 20% of methane gas came from landfills in 2014. About 48% of renewable gas
and electricity in the UK now come from landfills.
According to national hazardous waste management plan 2014-20 some other latest technologies
are available.
1. Advanced oxidation
2. Base catalyzed de-chlorination(BCD):

3. Catalytic treatment
4. Gasification