Alberts Johnson Lewis Raff Roberts Walter

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Fifth Edition

Chapter 1
Cells and Genomes

Copyright Garland Science 2008

 Bacteriophage
On the edge of life
but not alive

Figure 1-27a Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Mycoplasma
genitalium

A small bacterium
whitout a rigid wall

Figure 1-14a Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Vibrio cholerae

An organotrophic bacterium
with a rigid wall

Figure 1-18b Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Anabaena cylindrica

A phototrophic bacterium with photosynthetic cells (V) and nitrogen fixin cells (H)

Figure 1-19 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Beggiatoa sp.

A lithotrophic bacterium

Figure 1-20 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Saccharomyces
cerevisiae

An unicellular fungus
The simplest
eucaryotic organism

Figure 1-42a Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Protozoa: complex unicellular organisms with elaborate anatomy

Figure 1-41 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Antirrhinum sp.
A flowering plant, the most complex photosynthesizer pluricellular organisms

Figure 1-40 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
Model organisms for cell biology studies

Caenorhabditis elegans

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Arabidopsis thaliana Drosophila melanogaster Homo sapiens Mus musculus

 Universal features of cells: All cells store their hereditary information
in the DNA molecule and replicate it by templated polymerization

Figure 1-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Universal features of cells: The information stored in DNA is mainly
used to direct protein synthesis using RNA as intermediate molecule

Figure 1-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Universal features of cells: All cells use proteins as catalysts

Figure 1-7b Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Universal features of cells: All cells translate RNA into proteins in the
same way

Transfer RNA Ribosome

Figure 1-9b Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
 Universal features of cells: All cells are enclosed in a plasma membrane
across which nutrients and waste materials must pass

Figure 1-12 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)
Universal features of cells: All cells have the same chemistry and metabolism
Figure 1-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)