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Factors
Effect of variations in demand
THE PER CAPITA DEMAND
Per Capita Demand
Annual average amount of daily water required by
one person & includes domestic use , industrial and
commercial use , public use , etc..
q ( l/h/d) = Total yearly requirement of the city
(l)(V) / (365 x Design Population)
Per Capita Demand vary as per the living conditions
of the consumers & type of existing & future
industries in that region.
335 l x Design population x 365 = Volume of yearly
requirement in litres.
FACTORS AFFECTING PER CAPITA DEMAND
2. Climatic conditions
Hotter & Dry places : consumption of water
is more.
3. Habits of People
Rich & Upper class communities : more
water due to living standards.
9. Cost of water
If water rates are high , less quantity may be
consumed by the people.
This policy produce little effect on rich people.
3. System of supply
4. Metering
5. Unauthorised connections.
VARIATIONS IN DEMAND AND ITS EFFECTS ON
DESIGN OF COMPONENTS OF WATER SUPPLY
SCHEME
Variations in demand :
Seasonal variation :
Water Consumption : Winter , Summer, Rainy season
Daily Variations
Household & industrial activity.
Water consumption more holidays
Hourly variations:
Assessment of normal variations : to design supply
pipes , service reservoirs , distributary pipes etc..
ASSESSMENT OF NORMAL
VARIATION
Daily or hourly , monthly : ratio of their means
Maximum Daily Consumption
Maximum Hourly Consumption
Peak Demand
Goodrich Formula