THE EARLY

MODERN
LITERATURE
Masyita Rizkia Rachma (J1A016035)
Tiara Faradisha (J1A016055)
Rizki Utami Phalupi (J1A016067)
Modernist
Literary modernism, or modernist literature, has its origins in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America, and
is characterized by a very self-conscious break with traditional ways of
writing, in both poetry and prose fiction.
In the 1880s increased attention was given to the idea that it was necessary
to push aside previous norms entirely, instead of merely revising past
knowledge in light of contemporary techniques. The theories of Sigmund
Freud (18561939), and Ernst Mach (18381916) influenced early
Modernist literature.
19th Century Literature
The 19th century was perhaps the most literary of all centuries,
because not only were the forms of novel, short story and magazine serial all
in existence side-by-side with theatre and opera, but since film, radio and
television did not yet exist, the popularity of the written word and its direct
enactment were at their height.
The romantic movement was well under way and along with it
developed the splintering of fiction writing into genres and the rise of
speculative fiction. There was a romantic tendency toward the exploration of
folk traditions and old legends.
Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 18
January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story
writer, poet, and novelist.
Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the
United Kingdom, in both prose and verse, in the late
19th and early 20th centuries.
In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language
writer to receive the prize and its youngest recipient to
date.
Rudyard Kiplings famous works
The Jungle Book (1894)
Kim (1901)
The Man Who Would Be King (1888)
Mandalay (1890)
Gunga Din (1890)
Rudyard Kipling Kim
Kim is set in an imperialistic world; a world strikingly masculine,
dominated by travel, trade and adventure, a world in which there is no
question of the division between white and non-white.

Two men - a boy who grows into early manhood and an old ascetic
priest and the lama - are at the center of the novel. A quest faces them
both. Born in India, Kim is nevertheless white, a sahib. While he wants to
play the Great Game of Imperialism, he is also spiritually bound to the
lama. His aim, as he moves chameleon-like through the two cultures, is
to reconcile these opposing strands, while the lama searches for
redemption from the Wheel of Life.
Joseph Conrad
Jzef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski (3 December 1857
3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded
as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English
language.
Though he did not speak English fluently until his
twenties, he was a master prose stylist who brought a
non-English sensibility into English literature.
He wrote stories and novels, many with a nautical setting,
that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an
impassive, inscrutable universe.
Joseph Conrads famous works
Almayers Folly (1895)
An Outcast of the Island (1896)
Lord Jim (1900)
Heart of Darkness (1902)
Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness is a novella about a voyage up the Congo River
into the Congo Free State, in the heart of Africa, by the story's narrator
Charles Marlow.
Marlow, a seaman and wanderer, recounts his physical and
psychological journey in search of the infamous ivory trader Kurtz.
Travelling up river to the heart of the African continent, he gradually
becomes obsessed by the enigmatic, wraith-like figure. Marlow's
discovery of how Kurtz has gained his position of power over the local
people involves him in a radical questioning, not only of his own nature
and values, but those of Western civilization.
QUESTIONs
1. Where did Kim actually come from and why did he move to India? (15
points)
2. At what age did Rudyard Kipling awarded with Nobel Prize in Literature?
(15 points)
3. Why the 19th century was perhaps the most literary of all centuries? (30
points)
4. What is Heart of Darkness tell about? (30 points)
5. Why couldnt Joseph Conrad speak fluent English until his twenties? (10
points)