Enzymes and

Metabolic Pathways
COR JESU COLLEGE
General Biology 1
Grade 12 STEM
No Pets Allowed Promise! MR. JOHN PAUL A. REPONTE
 Cellular Operations are accomplished through the
biochemical reactions
Switching on and off
Increases the speed
Decreases the speed
Metabolism
It is the series of chemical reactions
in the body that converts food into
energy.
It is important in maintaining the
living state of the cell
Maintain the characteristics of life
 2 Types of Metabolism
1. Catabolism
A process that involves the breakdown of molecules to
release energy

Breakdown of polysaccharides into monosaccharides to

generate energy
Breakdown of nucleic acid into nucleotides for transmitting
genetic information
Breakdown of proteins into amino acids, either to make new
ones or to produce glucose in the blood.
Breakdown of food in the stomach for the nutrients to be
absorbed in the blood vessels
2. Anabolism
Means building things or substances in the body
This process requires and consumes energy to allow the
building processes to proceed

Building of proteins (large, complex molecules) from amino

acids (simple molecules)
Cell reproduction, where cells multiply to increase tissue (or
organ) size
Mineralization of bones from inorganic substances
Production of hormones necessary for certain organs to
perform their functions
Enzymes
It is a molecule the helps speed up the processes in a
chemical reaction.
A type of protein
Highly selective and catalyze specific reaction

Components of Enzymes
1. Apoenzyme (proenzyme when it is inactive)
2. Cofactor
Apoenzymes

It is also called proenzymes when it is inactive

Either it is not attached to the substance and remains to
its original form
Its form can be disrupted due to temperature and pH level
Cofactors
They assist apoenzymes in their biological reactions or
activities

1. Metal ion activators are not permanently bound to the

apoenzyme
2. Coenzymes are organic molecules that usually came
from the food the we intake
3. Prosthetic cofactor can either be metal ions or organic
molecules. The only difference is that they bind to the
apoenzyme permanently.