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13 DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Kinetics of Particles:
Lecture Notes:
Energy and Momentum
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University Methods
s1 v1
efficiency
output work
input work
power output
power input
v2 0 T2 0
Determine the distance required for the work
to equal the kinetic energy change.
U12 1500lbx 4000lbsin 5x
1151lbx
T1 U12 T2
481000ft lb 1151lbx 0
x 418 ft
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 19
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.2
SOLUTION:
Apply the principle of work and
energy separately to blocks A and B.
FC 2 m 490 N 2 m 12 200 kg v 2
WB 300 kg 9.81m s 2 2940 N
T1 U12 T2 :
0 Fc 2 m WB 2 m 12 m B v 2
Fc 2 m 2940 N 2 m 12 300 kg v 2
Fc 2 m 2940 N 2 m 12 300 kg v 2
v 4.43 m s
U12 f m kW x
m k 60 kg 9.81m s 2 0.640 m 377 J m k
T1 U12 T2 :
187.5 J - 377 J m k 112 J 0 mk 0.20
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 24
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.3
Apply the principle of work and energy for the rebound
of the package.
U 23 U 23 f U 23 e 377 J m k 112 J
36.5 J
T2 U 23 T3 :
0 36.5 J 12 60 kg v32
v3 1.103 m s
Follows that
T1 V1 T2 V2
E T V constant
T1 0 V1 W When a particle moves under the action of
T1 V1 W conservative forces, the total mechanical
energy is constant.
1W
T2 12 mv22 2 g W V2 0 Friction forces are not conservative. Total
2g
mechanical energy of a system involving
T2 V2 W friction decreases.
Mechanical energy is dissipated by friction
into thermal energy. Total energy is constant.
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 36
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Motion Under a Conservative Central Force
When a particle moves under a conservative central
force, both the principle of conservation of angular
momentum
r0 mv0 sin 0 rmv sin
and the principle of conservation of energy
T0 V0 T V
GMm 1 2 GMm
1 mv 2
2 0 2 mv
r0 r
may be applied.
2
GM gR 2 9.81m s 2 6.37 106 m 398 1012 m3 s 2
Nonimpulsive
forces are forces for which
Ft is small and therefore, may be
neglected.
4 16
80 Fx 0.015 4 16 120 cos 40
32.2 32.2
Fx 89 lb
y component equation:
y
0 Fy t mv2 sin 40
e coefficient of restitution
Period of deformation: m Av A Pdt m Au
Rdt u vA
Pdt v A u
0 e 1
Period of restitution: m Au Rdt m AvA
vB u
A similar analysis of particle B yields e
u vB
Note: Validity of last expression does not follow from previous relation for
the coefficient of restitution. A similar but separate derivation is required.
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 60
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Problems Involving Energy and Momentum
Three methods for the analysis of kinetics problems:
- Direct application of Newtons second law
- Method of work and energy
- Method of impulse and momentum
Select the method best suited for the problem or part of a problem
under consideration.
v 0.779v n 0.500v t
0.779
v 0.926v tan 1 32.7
0.500
The magnitude and direction of the Total normal component of the momentum
velocities of two identical of the two ball system is conserved.
frictionless balls before they strike
each other are as shown. Assuming The normal relative velocities of the
e = 0.9, determine the magnitude balls are related by the coefficient of
and direction of the velocity of each restitution.
ball after the impact.
Solve the last two equations simultaneously
for the normal velocities of the balls after
the impact.
v A 17.7t 15.0n
n
15.0
vA 23.2 ft s tan 1 40.3
17.7
vB 23.7t 34.6n
34.6
vB 41.9 ft s tan 1
t
55.6
23. 7