ENGINEERING SCIENCE (ES) 13:

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE
BODIES I

Lecture 1:
Lecture 1:
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF STRESS
II. NORMAL/AXIAL STRESS
III. SHEAR STRESS
IV. BEARING AND PUNCHING STRESS
V. STRESSES ON AN OBLIQUE PLANE
 INTRODUCTION
Mechanics
involves the analysis of stresses and deformations
of any load-bearing member 50kN
50
50 kN
kN 200
5050 kN
kNkN
3 Considerations in
design/analysis
STRENGTH
SERVICEABILITY
AA(25Amm )
(wood) B mm )
ECONOMICS B (steel)
(50
same same
material and diameter
samematerial
diameter
WHAT IS STRESS?
External Forces Stress describes the
intensity of the internal
force acting on a specific
Internal Forces plane (area) passing
through a point

Fz Normal Stress:
A

Shear Stress:
 NORMAL/AXIAL
STRESS =0

External Forces

P

A
Force per unit Area
Intensity of forces over an area

Assumptions: UNITS: Sign Convention:

1. Homogenous
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 ( + ) tension
2. Isotropic
3. Prismatic 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 ( - ) compression
4. Centroid
 Max Compression (-)

Agross
 Max Tension (+)

Anet
 Maximum Average
Normal Stress

Several external loads may be applied along its axis

P
Cross-sectional area may change

To get the MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS, we select a
section where P is maximum and/or the cross-sectional area is
minimum.

A
 EXAMPLE I
Compute for the normal axial stress in
round bar AB, considering that the
diameter of the bar is 9mm.

2
9
= = 63.617 2
4
= 5.516

5516
= = = 86.706
63.617 2
 EXAMPLE II

The flat bar has a constant width of 35 mm and a thickness

of 10mm. Determine the normal stresses acting on points A,
B, and C.

15kN 4kN
12kN 26kN

A 15kN B 4kN C
= 35 10 = 350 2
 EXAMPLE II

15kN 4kN
12kN 26kN

A 15kN B 4kN C
15kN
= 12
= 12 + 30
12kN =
12,000
=
18,000
350 350
= 34.285 = 51.428
A 15kN
 EXAMPLE II

15kN 4kN
12kN 26kN

A 15kN B 4kN C
= 18 + 8
15kN 4kN
12kN =
26,000
350

= 74.285
A 15kN 4kN
 Average Shear
Stress
Shear: acts parallel to the cross-section
F
F ave
F A

F F F
NOTE: Shear stress cannot be assumed to be uniform
Average Shear
Stress
 Average Shear
Single shear Stress
ave = F / A

Double shear

ave = F / 2A
Average Shear
Stress
Average Bearing
Stress
 Punching Shear
Stress
Projected Area:

= 2 10.0 8.0
= 502.65 2

110,000
=
502.65 2
= 218.838
 EXAMPLE III
Two wooden planks, each 22 mm thick and 160 mm wide, are joined by
the glued mortise joint shown.
a.) Knowing that d is equal to 80 mm and force P is 30 kN, determine the
average shear stress experienced by the glue point.
b.) If the joint will fail when the average shearing stress reaches 1.5 MPa,
what is the maximum load P that the member can carry?
 EXAMPLE III

Given:
= 22 = 30
d= 80
= 1.5

a.) b.)
30,000 =
=

= 1.5 12,320 2
= 7 (80 22 )
= 18,480
= 12,320 2
*Therefore, a 30 kN load would cause the
= 2.435
connection to fail in shear
 Stresses on
Oblique Planes

P
cos
2

P
cos sin
A
 Stresses on
Stress (P/A) Oblique Planes
1

0.5


0
0 45 90 135 180

-0.5

-1

is maximum at = 0 and 180

is maximum at = 45 and 135
QUESTIONS?