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Kuliah 9 (24.05.2014)
Preface
To illustrate the simplest possible model we can have for
analysis of reservoir behavior, we will start with derivation of
so-called Material Balance Equations.
This type of model excludes fluid flow inside the reservoir, and
considers fluid and rock expansion/compression effects only,
in addition, of course, to fluid injection and production.
Why Material Balance?
1 Provide insight into the production characteristics
of the reservoir
Linearized form of material balance equation used to estimate the initial oil in
place (the intercept of the straight line) - Havlena and Odeh.
Basic Principle
Expanding
Bubble Gas Cap
point
Liquid shrinking
Undersaturated due to liberation
oil of dissolved gas
p1 > p2 > p3 > p4
Reservoir properties
Cf = Rock Compressibility
Swi = Connate water saturation
Data Requirement for MatBal (2/2)
N = Initial volume of oil in reservoir (rb)
These are listed as other parameters because these may either be known by
wireline logs, reservoir modeling etc. Or they may be the objective of the
material balance computation.
MatBal Derivation (1/3)
Expansion of the oil + liberated gas
Two components:
1. Expansion of oil:
Initial Oil = N (stb)
Initial oil at reservoir conditions = N Boi (rb)
Volume of oil at reduced pressure p = N Bo (rb)
Net oil expansion = N(Bo-Boi) (rb)
Withdrawl:
Amount of oil produced = Np (stb)
Oil produced at reservoir conditions = NpBo (rb)
Volume of gas produced = NpRp (scf)
Let us look at this quantity of gas at the reduced pressure p
Volume of gas dissolved in Np vol. of oil at p = NpRs (scf)
Remainder gas is the subsurface gas withdrawl in the form of
expanding liberated gas and expanding free gas
Subsurface withdrawl of gas = Np(Rp-Rs) (scf)
Subsurface withdrawl of gas in reservoir bbls = Np(Rp-Rs)Bg (rb)
MatBal Derivation (3/3)
Therefore, the total subsurface fluid withdrawl :
= NpBo + Np(Rp-Rs)Bg (rb)
F = Neo
If the plot is not a straight line - other reservoir drive mechanisms are
present
Remarks:
The recovery is determined once Np, N and the PVT properties are
known.
The material balance equation shows no explicit dependence on
pressure. The influence of the pressure drop is implicitly introduced
through the PVT parameters.
The material balance as derived above is zero dimensional i.e. the
entire reservoir volume is assumed to be concentrated at a point. The
pressure specification is therefore at that point.
Oil Material Balance & Drive Mechanism
Generation of Material Balance Equation
Generation of Material Balance Equation
Generation of Material Balance Equation
N(Bo-Boi)
N(Rsi-Rs)Bg
Generation of Material Balance Equation