Civil Engineering

Procedures

Lecture No. 1
Introduction
This covers the range of alternative procedures for
the delivery of construction projects from inception
to commissioning and maintenance.
Although there are no standards guiding this, there
are professionally accepted methods defining main
activities, roles and responsibilities and tools.
Although these are termed civil engineering
procedures, they also cover building projects (as
opposed to civil engineering projects).
Civil Engineering - Introduction
Civil engineering is a field of engineering
that deals with the construction and
maintenance of the structures that are
required for human civilization, such as
buildings, roads, water supply and sewers.
In general, civil engineering has developed
from observations of the ways natural and
manmade systems react and from the
development of empirical equations that
provide bases for design.
Civil Engineering Introduction
It address the whole of the built environment
(note name of the Faculty of Civil
Engineering and the Built Environment)
Civil Engineering Introduction
It is an umbrella field comprised of many
related specialties.
Structural engineering, of which structural
design is a component, is typically the largest
part of civil engineering as a practice.
Structural engineers design bridges,
buildings, offshore oil platforms, dams etc.
Civil Engineering Introduction
Structural analysis is another component of
structural engineering and a key component
in the structural design process. This
involves computing the stresses and forces at
work within a structure.
Supporting structural engineering is the field
of geotechnical engineering.
The importance of geotechnical engineering
can hardly be overstated: buildings must be
connected to the ground.
Civil Engineering Introduction
Transportation engineering is concerned with
queuing theory and traffic flow planning, roadway
geometric design and driver behaviour patterns.
Geotechnical engineering is concerned with soil
properties, foundations, footings and soil dynamics.
Environmental engineering deals with the treatment
of chemical, biological, and/or thermal waste and with
hydrology.
Sanitary engineering is primarily concerned with
purifying water for drinking and with treating sewage.
Civil Engineering Introduction
Hydraulic engineering is concerned with
the flow and conveyance of fluids,
principally water.
This area of engineering is, of course,
intimately related to the design of bridges,
dams, channels, and canals and to both
Sanitary and Environmental engineering.
Civil Engineering Introduction
Civil engineering also includes material
science. Engineering materials include
concrete, steel and recently, polymers and
ceramics with potential engineering
application.
There are also civil engineers who work in the
area of safety engineering, applying
probabilistic methods to structural design,
safety analysis and even estimates of
insurance losses due to natural and man-
made hazards.
Conception of Construction Projects
A civil engineering project addresses specific social
problem;
Demand for water;
Transportation;
Office accommodation;
Housing;
Industrial production;
Power - hydro: thermo, solar, etc
Waste water treatment;
etc.
A civil engineering project results in a
constructed facility.
Stages of Construction projects
Construction projects are executed in stages such
that successful completion of one stage leads to
another.
Each stage leads to more commitment of
resources.
The stages are designed to ensure that thorough
analysis is made so as to improve the chances of
successful conclusion of the project.
The various stages are implemented by different
professionals in the construction industry.
Stages of Construction Projects
Briefing - idea stage and prel. Appraisal (tech. & Financial)

Design of definition (full appraisal, prel. Design and detailed

design)

Tendering (selecting a contractor/award of contract Construction

Construction

Commissioning

Use and Maintenance

Construction Industry Definition
Construction industry (CI) has been defined
as sum of all economic activities related to
the built facilities, their conception, planning,
execution and maintenance.

The Tanzanian Construction Industry Policy

defines this industry as a sector of the
economy that transforms various resources
into constructed physical economic and social
infrastructure necessary for socio-economic
development.
CI Definition...
It embraces the process by which the said
physical infrastructure are planned, designed,
procured, constructed or produced, altered,
repaired, maintained and demolished.
 Process Outputs
Buildings
Design
Preparation Inputs Roads
Assembly
Manpower
Manufacture Dams
Erection
Materials
Process Airports
Construct
Equipment
Train Harbours
Maintain
Expertise
Distribute Water Supply
Rehabilitate
Systems
Repair
Sewerage
Systems etc

CONTROL INSTITUTIONS AND MECHANISMS

Figure: Conceptual construction industry scope

 Public and Private Market
For Constructed Facilities

Professional Services Construction Services

Quantity Surveying Services Building Contractors

Architectural Services Civil Engineering Contractors

Structural and Civil Engineering Mechanical Contractors

Services
Electrical Contractors

Other Specialist Services Specialist Contractors

SUPPORT SERVICES Suppliers of Materials, Plant and

Equipment, Labor etc

Figure: Generic Structure of the Organization of the

Construction Industry
 Ministry of Infrastructure

National Construction Council (NCC)

Advisory and Regulatory Bodies:

Engineers Registration Board (ERB),
Architects + Quantity Surveyors Registration Board (AQRB);
Contractors Registration Board (CRB)

Professional Services Support Services Construction Services

Architectural Services Academic and research
Structural and civil engineering institutions
services Financial institution
Quantity surveying Manufacturers and
Other specialists suppliers of materials and
equipment and tools
Building contractors
Civil works contractors
Electrical contractors
Mechanical contractors
Specialist contractors

Professional Associations Contractors Associations

Institute of Engineers Tanzania (IET)
Tanzania Architectural Association (TAA)
Association of Civil Engineers Tanzania (ACET)
Tanzania Institute of Quantity Surveyors
etc
Tanzania Building Contractors Association (TABCA)
Tanzania Civil Contractors Association (TACECA)
Tanzania Electrical Contractors Association (TECA)

Figure: Organization Structure of the Construction Industry in

Tanzania (As implied by the Construction Industry Policy)
Consultant Definition
Consultant means a company, corporation,
organization, partnership or individual person
registered or capable of being registered by the
relevant professional regulatory body engaged in or
able to be engaged in the business of providing
services in architecture, economics, engineering,
surveying, accountancy, auditing, taxation law,
management or any field or professional activity
including technical assistance, and who is a
according to the context, a potential party of the party
to a contract with a client.
CRB - Introduction
The Contractors Registration Board (CRB)
was established by section 3 of the
Contractors Registration Act No. 17 of 1997
as published in the Government Gazette No.
317 of 1997.
Major functions of the Board are
Registrations, Regulation and Promotion of
Contractors in Tanzania.
Important Definitions
Who is a Contractor?
Section 2 (a) of the Contractors Registration
Act defines a Contractor as:
Contractor - Definition
Any person who for reward or other
valuable consideration undertakes the
construction, installation or erection for
any other person, of any structure
situate below, on, or above the guard or
other work connected therewith or the
execution, for any other person, of any
alteration or otherwise to any structure
or other work connected therewith.
Or
Contractor Definition
Any person who himself as a developer
undertakes the construction, installation,
erection or alteration of any structure, for
public use of otherwise, situated below, on
or above the ground or other work
connected therewith or the execution of
any alteration or otherwise, or other work
connected therewith.
Contractor Definition
This include investors and developers persons by
who the work is done whether they supply materials
or not.
The only exception to this is when a person
undertakes construction of a residential house for his
own family and not for public use, which does not
require an input of structural design, or when such
person undertakes the construction of any work, the
value of which does not exceed such a sum as shall
be determined by the Board from time to time.
Currently this sum is Tshs. 1,000,000/=.
CRB - Website
http://www.crbtz.org
Thank you for your Attention