6

Chapter

A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e

Slides by Dan Cavanaugh

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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 1
 What is a Group?

People who interact with

one another and think of
themselves as belonging
together.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 2
 Societies and Their
Transformation
Domestication Revolution
Hunting and Gathering

Pastoral and Horticultural

Agricultural

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 3
 Societies and Their
Transformation
Industrial Revolution
Postindustrial (Information)
Biotech - New Type?
Consider the Avatar
Fantasy Life

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 4
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 5
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 6
 Groups Within Society

Not Confused with Groups...

Aggregate

Category

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 7
 Groups Within Society

Primary Groups

Face-to-Face

The Family

Friends

Producing a Mirror Within

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 8
 Groups Within Society

Secondary Groups
Larger, More Anonymous
Members Interact Based
on Statuses
Fail to Satisfy Need for
Intimate Association
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 9
 Groups Within Society

In-Groups and Out-Groups

Loyalty to In-Groups

Antagonism Towards

Out-Groups

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 10
 Groups Within Society

Implications for Socially

Diverse Society
Traits of In-Group Seen
as Virtues
Same Traits in Out-
Groups Seen as Vices
Can Lead to Twisted
Perceptions
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 11
 Groups Within Society

Reference Groups

Evaluating Ourselves

Expose Us to

Contradictory Standards

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 12
 Groups Within Society

Social Networks and Cliques

The Small World

Phenomenon - Milgram
Is the Small World
Phenomenon a Myth? -
Kleinfeld
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 13
 Groups Within Society

Electronic Communities
People Connect Online
Newsgroups
Online Chat Rooms
Some Meet Definition of
Group
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 14
 Group Dynamics

Group Size Affects Stability

and Intimacy
Dyad
Triad
Coalitions
As Size Increases, So Does
Stability
As Size Increases, Intensity
and Intimacy Decrease
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 15
 Group Dynamics

Effects of Group Size on

Attitudes and Behavior
The Larger the Group
Greater Diffusion of
Responsibility
Increase in Formality
Division into Smaller
Groups
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 16
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 17
 Leadership

Who Becomes a Leader?

Types of Leaders

Instrumental

Expressive

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 18
 Leadership

Leadership Styles
Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-Faire

Leadership Styles in
Changing Situations
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 19
 Group Dynamics

Power of Peer Pressure

Asch Experiment

Study on Conformity

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 20
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 21
 Group Dynamics

Power of Authority -
Milgram Experiment
Administering Shocks
Turning up Voltage
Recent Replications
Consistent with Earlier
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 22
 Groupthink - Global
Consequences

Irving Janis Coined the Term

Examples of Groupthink

Preventing Groupthink

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 23
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks 24