NEOPLASMS

BENIGN

MALIGNANT
 NEOPLASMS
Growth
Benign - slow
Malignant - fast

Mitoses
Benign - Few or none
Malignant - many

Mitotic figures
Benign - Normal
Malignant - abnormal
Nuclear: Cytoplasmic Ratio
Benign - low
Malignant - high

Tumour giant cell

Benign - none
Malignant - present

Necrosis
Benign - nil & homogenous
Malignant - present & heterogenous
Resemblance to normal tissue
Benign - good , edges are smooth
Malignant - poor, edges are rough

Capsule
Benign - encapsulated& monomorphic
Malignant - infiltrative & pleomorphic

Metastasis
Benign - nil
Malignant - present
 NOMENCLATURE
Benign
Ends in OMA

Malignant
Ends in carcinoma if arising in epithelium
Ends in sarcoma if arising in mesenchyme
 EPITHELIAL
SURFACE EPITHELIUM
BENIGN - PAPILLOMA
MALIGNANT - SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA

GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
BENIGN - ADENOMA
MALIGNANT - ADENOCARCINOMA
CYSTIC
BENIGN - CYSTADENOMA
MALIGNANT - CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

PROJECTILE
BENIGN - POLYP
MALIGNANT - POLYPOID CARCINOMA
 MESENCHYMAL
BONE
BENIGN - OSTEOMA
MALIGNANT - OSTEOSARCOMA

CARTILAGE
BENIGN - CHONDROMA
MALIGNANT - CHONDROSARCOMA

FAT
BENIGN - LIPOMA
MALIGNANT - LIPOSARCOMA
SKELETAL MUSCLE
BENIGN - RHABDOMYOMA
MALIGNANT - RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

SMOOTH MUSCLE
BENIGN - LEIOMYOMA
MALIGNANT - LEIOMYOSARCOMA

VESSELS
BENIGN - ANGIOMA
MALIGNANT - ANGIOSARCOMA
 PRIMITIVE TUMOURS
END IN BLASTOMA
NEURONS NEUROBLASTOMA
GLIAL CELLS MEDULLOBLASTOMA
RETINA RETINOBLASTOMA
KIDNEY TUMOUR NEPHROBLASTOMA
(WILMS TUMOUR)
LIVER HEPATOBLASTOMA
MIXED TUMOURS

EPITHELIAL AS WELL AS STROMA

PLEOMORPHIC SALIVARY ADENOMA

HARMATOMA

AN EXCESSIVE MASS OF TISSUE THAT IS

DISORGANISED BUT IS NORMALLY RESIDENT
IN THAT PART
CHORISTOMA

NORMAL TISSUE IN AN ABNORMAL LOCATION

TERATOMA

A TUMOUR DERIVED FROM ALL THREE GERM

CELL LINES