Group 1

First used by a French Historia, Jules

Michele (1780 1874)
 THE REVIVED INTEREST
IN GREEK & ROMAN LITERATURE
Middle Ages: read and studied Greek
and Roman literatures, just scholars and
literary men read.
Petrarch and Boccacio propagate the
spirit of humanism in Greek and Roman
lit.
The invention of Print Machine: Readers
 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING
Who discover the
America?
 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING
A great age of discoveries, geographical
and scientific.
Geographical:
Christopher Columbus America.
Amerigo Vespucci & Vasco da Gama
Philippines.
Magellan & lands & islands.
 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING
Scientific:
Isaac Newton

Who discovered Law

of Gravity?
 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING

Scientific: Galileo & Corpenicus

 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING
Scientific:
Kepler
 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
WORLD & THE HUMAN BEING
In the Mid. Ages, taught people that
men were symbols of evils & sin.
In the Renaissance, men had the right to
live & enjoy everything on .
 THE AWAKENING OF MEN
MIND, INDIVIDUAL SPIRIT & SECULARISM
M. A. men despised materialistic and sexual desires.
R men differs:
New: , luxurious life, economic political & social life.
Spirit: revolt the Strict, Cramped & Austere pattern of M. A.
Life.
M. A. men: God-centered, idealism.
R. men:
De-emphasis of God & the eternal life.
No more subordinated to God.
Truth & Happiness depended on mens strength & ability to
achieve.
 THE ORIGINS OF THE E. D.
Traced to the Mysteries & Miracles in M.
instruct
A. the essential facts of the Bible.
Miracles
Churches Movable Stages in the
Streets.
 THE ORIGINS OF THE E. D.
arose
Miracles Moralities.
crept into
A Humorous element
Allegorical Plays, a vehicle for satire.
Interludes relieve the attention of the
spectator, Eng. Drama was directly
evolve.
 THEATRES & PERFORMANCES IN THE 16 TH C.
In 16th C., England companies of Actors played in
London & Provincial Towns & regarded by many
Rogues & Vagabonds.
Their social status changed in 1572, the players be
called protectors servants.
build
In Inn-yard Theatres.
The Company of Actors exclude Women (Unbroken
voice Boy played the feminine Parts)
 W. S.
& THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA
The Queen was the symbol of the Glory of the
country.
England was Marry England, prosperous
despite of plagues & calamities.
W. S.s theatre work in London was alive &
strong.
First public Theatre was opened in 1576.
 W. S.
& THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA
1590 1600: People loved to watch plays of patriotism
& their king.
Drama in E. was almost a popular art rather than a
learned & classical art in France.
W.S. was quick to direct changes in popular taste. He
borrowed plots & put down other mens thought in his
own word.
Revising old plays & working with another man on new
ones were common.
 W. S.
& THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA
W.S. wrote most of his plays for the Globe Theatre & the
Elizabethan.
Antony & Cleopatra ( 40 change of scenes)
Macbeth ( 40 such speeches)
W.S. mixed horseplay with philosophy & coarseness
with lovely poetry.
He was a genius dramatist, wrote at least 37 plays about
Plutarchs: Parallel Lives of Illustrious Men, Raphael
Holinsheds: Chronicles of England, Scotland &
Ireland; & some Italian novels or Short tales.
W.S. (1564 in Stratford-on-avon 1616 in
Westminster Abbey).
1577, he was removed from school to
earn an independent living
18yrs, married Anne Hathaway, had 3
children Susan (1583) and the twins
Hamlet and Judith (1585)
1590s, worked for the company of actors
who played at the Theatre.
1597, a house: NEWPLACE.
1611, he retired to Stratford
1616, Died.
 He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets
The early period (1590-1600): wrote mainly gay
comedies and dramatic histories.(optimism
period)
The middle period (1600-1608): wrote great
tragedies and bitter comedies (maturity period)
The late period (1609-1612): wrote legendary and
lyrical plays and tragic comedies.
 HAMLET
PRINCE OF DENMARK (1600)
Hamlets father, king of Denmark has just
dead. His brother Claudius takes the throne &
married Gertrude, Hamlets mother.
The ghost of Hamlet's father orders him to
revenge the murder and he promises to do so.
Hamlet pretends to be mad to avoid Claudius
suspicion.
 HAMLET
PRINCE OF DENMARK (1600)
Hamlet tries to stage a play in order to re-enact his
fathers murder & determine Claudius guilt or
innocence.
Hamlet believing to kill Claudius murders Polonius,
Ophelias father, while he is hidden.
Hamlets lover, Ophelia goes mad & drowns in a
river.
The king send Hamlet to England to kill him but he
still survives and comes back.
 HAMLET
PRINCE OF DENMARK (1600)
Ophelias brother, Laertes challenged Hamlet to a
sword fight but Laertes uses a poison one and hurt
Hamlet.
Gertrude drinks a poisoned wine, the King prepared
for Hamlet, and dies.
Laertes and Hamlet change swords, Hamlet kills
Ophelias brother, then he knows the king conspiring
and kill him too.
He already revenged for his father but he is dead too.
 HAMLET: CHARACTER MAP
King Hamlets Ghost
brother Claudius
brother & murderer of (King of Denmark, marries his sis-in-law &
(has returned to Castle Elsinore to tell
ascends to throne after death of King
Hamlet that Claudius is his murderer)
Hamlet)

Gertrude
father

(Queen, widow of the late king &

Polonius
(Claudius Lord Chamberlain)
wife of Claudius)

Hamlet Laertes
(return from France to avenge Poloniuss
(Denmarks Prince, seek to avenge his
death & conspires with Claudius to kill
fathers death)
Hamlet)

Ophelia
(Poloniss daughter, who goes mad and
drowns after Hamlet mistreats her &
murders her father)
 SHAKESPEARES
SONNETS
WHAT IS SONNET?
Birth in Sicile at the court of the King Frederick I
(1123 1190)
Evolving from Sicilian folk songs.
Petrarch refined the form & set the standard for
the Italian sonnet, with 2 parts, 1st 8 lines, or octet,
and last 6 stanza lines, or sestet.
Eng. Sonnet: S.S. have 4 parts: 3 quatrains (4-line-
parts) and 1 couplet (2-line-part).
 SHAKESPEARES
SONNETS
W.S.S SONNETS
His old friend & his Muse met each other,
loved each other, betrayed him.
Both brought him great sorrow & grief.
He tried an explanation for their
wrongdoing & forgive them.