QUESTION 2

2 a According to Sowell (2000) and Ornstein

& Hunkins (1998), scope is one of the
principles proposed when deciding on the
content of a curriculum. explain briefly what
scope means in relation to content
organisation.
Scope refers to both the breadth and depth of content and includes all topics,
learning experiences and organizing threads found in the curriculum plan.
Scope not only to cognitive learning but also affective learning and some
would argue spiritual learning (Goodland & Zhixin Su, 1992). Sometime the
scope of a curriculum is narrow, consisting of just a simple listing of key topics
and activities. For examples, the mathematics syllabus is overloaded, and
scientific literacy of secondary school students is low.When we talk of scope,
we are concerned with such questions like How much science should
students in primary school know? Another one, What is the level of
mathematics required of students before they graduate from secondary
school? In this case, when curriculum developers are engaged in deciding
how much content should be included, they are determining the scope of the
curriculum. According to Ornstein & Hunkins (1998), when deciding about the
scope of curriculum, the following guidelines may be useful; the usefulness of
the content selected, students abilities, amount of content, and balance in the
content selected between cognitive, psychomotor and affective or spiritual
outcomes.
2 b Compare the primary integrated School
Curriculum (KBSR) and the Primary School
Standard Curriculum (KSSR) in the Malaysian
Primary School Curriculum.
 ASPECTS KBSR KSSR
Introduction 1993 2009
Implementation 1993 2011
Based on 6 areas:
Communication
Based on 3 areas:
Spiritual, Attitude and
Communication
Values
Curriculum Designs Man and his environment
Humanitarian
Self-development of the
Physical and Aesthetical
individual
Development
Science and Technology
Curriculum based on learning Curriculum written based on
Curriculum Written outcomes content and learning standards
 ASPECTS KBSR KSSR
Design of the
Linear Modular
Curriculum
3R 4R
Focus (Reading, Writing & (Reading, Writing,
Arithmetic) Arithmetic & Reasoning)

The elements of creativity

Elements Elements of analytical and innovation,
(added and creative thinking entrepreneurial, information
value) skills technology and
communication
ASPECTS KBSR KSSR

Develops students ability to

Provide pupils with the
communicate confidently in
Aims opportunity to focus and
English and experience the
develop their language skills
use of the language in
orderly (step by step)
various ways

World of Personal
World of Self, Family & Friends
Main Worlds Relationships
World of Stories
World of Stories
World of Knowledge
World of Knowledge
 ASPECTS KBSR KSSR
Main Source of
Accompanied by textbook and Accompanied by textbook and
Learning
activity book activity book

Summative Formative
Assessment
UPSR PBS

Listening
Listening Speaking
Speaking Reading
Language Skills
Reading Writing
Writing Grammar
Language Arts