2 Building Blocks Enterprise Network

Client Access Array AD

Evolution of E2010 Exchange Online Edge Transport
CAS Array DAG
CAS Array Protection Routing and AV/AS
CAS MBX
SMTP Front-End
CAS MBX
Database Availability

Layer 4LB
Group External CAS MBX
Evolution of E2010 SMTP
DAG servers CAS MBX
Includes core
server protocols CAS MBX
Mobile
phone
Loosely coupled Web
Functionality browser
Versioning Line of
User partitioning Outlook business Phone system
(remote user) application (PBX or VOIP)
Geo affinity Outlook (local user)
 EWS protocol
MRS proxy protocol
SMTP

EWS MRS MRSProxy Transport Custom WS Transport MRS MRSProxy EWS

Protocols,
Server Agents RPC CA Assistants Assistants RPC CA

XSO Mail Item XSO Mail Item

Business Logic Banned
E2010
CTS Other API CTS Other API

Store Content index Store Content index

Storage
ESE File system ESE File system

Server1 (Vn) Server2 (Vn+1)

 User

For a given mailboxs connectivity, the protocol

being used is always served by the protocol
instance that is local to the active database copy
CAS
Each CAS determines the right end point for the
traffic, and so all sessions regardless of where
they started end up in the same place

This means that the rendering for clients DAG1

like OWA occurs on the Mailbox server, Transport
transcoding is occurring on the Mailbox server, etc.
MBX-A MBX-B
MBX1

MBX2

MBX16
 DB IOPS/Mailbox
1

0.8

0.6
+93%
reduction!
0.4

0.2

0
Exchange 2003 Exchange 2007 Exchange 2010 Exchange 2013
 Log checksum recovery 32KB Incremental Gap Lost Write Database 1 Million Items Fast Failover
from single-bit errors 8KB Page Size Page Size Resync Coalescing Detection Compression / Folder

BDM for TBA Store

100MB
64-bit Improved Async Active and Per-Mailbox Managed Store Maintenance
STM Removed Checkpoint Depth
architecture Continuous Replication Read Capability Tables
on Active Copies Passives
Tuned AutoReseed
Lazy View Maintenance
50 Databases / Parallel Improved IO Physical Contiguity Store Pre-read Keys Update Writes
server Mounting Coalescing Schema Changes
Changes

2007 2010 2013

Database Space
1MB Log No more deferred B+ Tree Defrag 100,000 Items /
1:1 Read:Write Ratio Allocation Hints Lazy Indexes
Files content conversion Folder

Online Database Cache Database Cache Multiple Databases / JBOD

20,000 Items / Online Page Single Page Restore
Database Compression Priority Disk
Folder Zeroing
Checksum
Version Store
Page JBOD Lagged Copy Enhancements
1GB Mailboxes Standby Continuous Smooth IO Writes Improvements
Dependency Support
Replication
Removal
100 Hung IO and 100MB Checkpoint Per-Database
Support for 231 10GB Optimized for 7.2K
Lost Log Databases / Bluescreen Support Depth on Passive Process
log generations Log Roll Mailboxes RPM Disks
Resilience Server Copies
Message
Cache Store 128MB Extent
Elimination of Cache Maintained OS Upgrade Support properties
Warming on Quarantine Size 100GB Mailboxes
Partial B+ Merges after Recovery stored as blobs
Passive
 Edge Transport Mail flow Mailbox
Servers Servers
EOP
EdgeSync
TCP 50636

AD

Client Access
Servers

External
SMTP
servers
 2 Recipients

DAG
CAS CAS
Front-End Transport Front-End Transport

MBX MBX

Transport Transport

MBX Transport MBX Transport

MDB MDB
 OWA send
LB CAS-1 DAG OWA failure
MBX-1 OWA failure detected
OWA recycle AppPool
OWA DB1 DB2 OWA recycle complete
OWA verified as healthy
OWA send
MBX-2
OWA failure
OWA failure detected
OWA DB1 DB2
CAS-2 OWA recycle AppPool
OWA recycle AppPool failed
MBX-3 Failover servers databases
OWA service restarts
OWA DB1 DB2 OWA verified as healthy
Server becomes good
failover target (again)
 OWA Outlook EAS EAC PowerShell IMAP SMTP Telephony SIP +
RTP

Load Balancer Redirect

IIS
CAS2013 POP
IMAP
SMTP UM
HTTP Proxy

HTTP POP SMTP

IMAP

POP
IIS Transport UM
IMAP

MBX2013 RpcProxy
RPS OWA, EAS, EWS, ECP, OAB
MDB MailQ
RPC CA
 Outlook
HTTP
RPC
MAPI
HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS
LB RPC_DATA_IN RPC_DATA_OUT RPC_DATA_IN RPC_DATA_OUT RPC_DATA_IN RPC_DATA_OUT

IIS
CAS2013
HTTP Proxy

HTTP

IIS
MDB
MBX2013 RpcProxy

RPC CA
What is it? Why?
 Outlook
HTTP
MAPI

HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS HTTPS

LB Req/Response Req/Response Req/Response Hanging Notification

IIS
CAS2013
HTTP Proxy

HTTP

IIS
MDB
MBX2013 MAPI HTTP Handler
 HTTP

Load Balancer Load Balancer

Site Boundary
CAS2013 CAS2007 CAS2007
IIS IIS IIS

HTTP Proxy Middle Tier Layer Middle Tier Layer

MBX2013 MBX2007 MBX2007

Protocol Head

DB DB DB

OWA Legacy Redirect Request Cross-Site OWA Proxy Request

Outlook Anywhere Proxy Request
ActiveSync Proxy Request
 HTTP

Load Balancer Load Balancer Load Balancer

Site Boundary
CAS2013 CAS2010 CAS2010
IIS IIS IIS

HTTP Proxy Middle Tier Layer Middle Tier Layer

MBX2013 MBX2010 MBX2010

Protocol Head

DB DB DB

Legacy Proxy Request Cross-Site Legacy Proxy Request

Cross-Site OWA Redirect Request
 CAS
HTTP HTTP
IIS
Load Balancer Load Balancer
HTTP Proxy

Site Boundary

Site Boundary
CAS CAS
HTTP
IIS IIS

HTTP Proxy HTTP Proxy

HTTP HTTP

MBX MBX MBX

Protocol Head Protocol Head Protocol Head

DB DB DB

Local Proxy Request OWA Cross-Site Redirect Request Cross-Site Proxy Request
 Sue Jane
(somewhere in NA) mail.contoso.com (somewhere in NA)
DNS Resolution mail2.contoso.com DNS Resolution

mail VIP mail2 VIP

DAG1

Active Passive

DAG2

Passive Active
 Sue
(somewhere in NA)
mail.contoso.com
DNS Resolution
Round-Robin between # of VIPs

VIP #1 VIP #2

DAG
 CAS
OWA
health check

ECP
User
mail.contoso.com EWS

Layer 4LB
EAS
autodiscover.contoso.com

OAB

RPC

MAPI

AutoD
 CAS
OWA
health check

ECP
User
mail.contoso.com EWS

Layer 7LB
EAS
autodiscover.contoso.com

OAB

RPC

MAPI

AutoD
User CAS
mail.contoso.com
OWA

ecp.contoso.com
ECP

ews.contoso.com
EWS

eas.contoso.com

Layer 4LB
EAS

oab.contoso.com
OAB

oa.contoso.com
RPC
mapi.contoso.com
MAPI

autodiscover.contoso.com
AutoD
Whos it for?
Generalist IT admin
+ Simple, fast, no affinity LB
+ Single, unified namespace
Trade-Offs
+ Minimal networking
skillset
- Per Server Availability
Those with increased
network flexibility
Functionality
Simplicity
+ Simple, fast, no affinity LB
+ Per protocol availability
- One namespace per app
protocol
- One VIP per protocol
Those who want to
maximize server
availability
+ Per protocol availability
+ Single, unified namespace
- SSL termination @ LB
- Requires increase
networking skillset
mail VIP mail VIP
Each datacenter should be its own Active Directory site mail VIP mail VIP
Deploy unbound DAG model spanning each DAG
across two datacenters
DAG
Distribute active copies across all servers in the DAG
Deploy 4 copies, 2 copies in each datacenter
One copy will be a lagged copy (7 days) with
automatic play down enabled
Native Data Protection is utilized
Single network for replication and client traffic Witness
Server
Utilize a third datacenter for Witness server placement,
if possible
Increase DAG size density before creating new DAGs
 mail VIP

DAG

storage
 1 Day 150 11 MB
1 Month 3300 242 MB
1 Year 39000 2.8 GB
2 Years 78000 5.6 GB
4 Years 156000 11.2 GB
 Selina Batman
(somewhere in NA) na.contoso.com (somewhere in Europe)

DNS Resolution eur.contoso.com DNS Resolution

na VIP na VIP eur VIP eur VIP

DAG DAG