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2528
Stds no. BS 7405
V V
Types of Flow
RE < 2100 Laminar
Transitional
V
A
Q
Q=VA
Mass Flow m = Qp
= AV
V
A
m Where m = Mass Flow
Q = Volume Flow
= Fluid Density
ORIFICE PLATE
(or FLOW TUBE) VENA
CONTRACTA
Direction of Flow
MANOMETER
h (or DP TRANSMITTER)
DP Primary Elements
Various
Orifice
Configuration Flow
Nozzle
Flow
Tube Venturi
Flowmeter
Secondary Flow / DP Transmitter
Principle of Operation
Q=VxA
Vortex
Vortex/Swirlmeter
Vortex /Swirlmeter ADVANTAGES
No Moving Parts
For Liquid, Gas, or Steam
Uneffected by Pressure,
Temperature, or Density
Changes.
Wide Rangeability
DISADVANTAGES
Span Limitations Due to
Viscosity
Flow Profile Sensitive (Vortex)
Turbine Meter
Principle of Operation
Schematic of a
Schematic of a rotary-vane flowmeter
nutating-disk meter Schematic of a
lobed-impeller flowmeter
PD Flowmeters
Advantages
Types
* Doppler
* Time of flight
Ultrasonic Flowmeters
Principle of Operation
Doppler
Flowmeter
Ultrasonic Flowmeters
Principle of Operation
Transit-Time
Flowmeter
Ultrasonic
Ultrasonic
ADVANTAGES
No Moving Parts
Unobstructed Flow Passage
Wide Rangeability
V
DISADVANTAGES
For Liquids Only (limited gas)
Flow Profile Dependent
Errors Due To Deposits
Mass Flowmeter
Direct Measurement
Coriolis
Thermal Dispersion
Coriolis
Coriolis
Coriolis ADVANTAGES
Direct Mass Measurement
High Accuracy
Additional Density Measurement
Uneffected By Flow Profile
DISADVANTAGES
High Purchase Price
High Installation Cost
Size Limitations
Vibration Sensitive
Thermal Dispersion
Thermal Dispersion Mass Flowmeter
Gas application only
Relatively inexpensive
Easy to install and remove under pressure
Capable of monitoring extremely low
flows
True mass flow meter (compensates for
temperature/pressure)
Summary Each Application
is Different
Flowing Media (eg Steam, Water, Air, Gas etc)
Density - pressure and temperature
Flow Range, minimum to maximum (turndown
needed)
Accuracy how stated? % of range or span
Repeatability
Straight run requirements & available
Maintenance and reliability