Kelompok

IJOLUMUT
(Ikatan Jomblo Lucu dan Imut)
- DEWI SURIANA

- SRI HANDAYANI

- MERIAM BELINA SIBARANI

- SAFRIANI MENDROFA

- MENIK SARI PASARIBU

- RIANINGSIH

- HANS MEI BUDIARGO

 - How to Operate a Computer
This procedure attempts to outline the basics in operating a computer system based on
the assumption that it is running under the Microsoft Windows XP Operating System
platform with normal components such as CD or DVD drive, Network Interface Card,
and video card installed in the CPU. The steps outlined are formatted in such a way that
it is applicable to the two most common computer system architectures: the desktop and
the laptop. Essentially, a desktop computer is just what its name suggests. It is big
enough to sit on the desk and is considered as the most common type of computer
system. A laptop or sometimes referred to as a notebook is a smaller and more mobile
version of the desktop machine and is normally used in the same manner but with
relatively lower power requirements.
Materials Needed:
- CPU
- keyboard
- monitor
- mouse
- speakers
- printer
- Operating System
 Step 1
Prior to powering up the computer system, make sure that the power
cord is firmly connected to the back panel of the CPU and is plugged
into the wall socket.

Step 2
Check if the video cable is firmly screwed to the port of the video card
with the other end connected to the back panel of the monitor.

Step 3
Make sure that both the keyboard and mouse pointing device are
securely plugged to the back panel. Also, check if they are connected
to the correct port by checking on the markings. Steps 1 to 3 are
essentially easy to do because aside from the mouse and keyboard
devices, other components can only be plugged into their proper ports
preventing the novice user from interchanging them.

Step 4
When all connections are secure, start up the machine by pressing the
power button normally located in the front panel of the CPU.
 Step 5
Depending on the configuration of the machine, a username and
password may be requested; otherwise, the Operating System may be
loaded directly to display the desktop to the user.

Step 6
Other basic operations that can be done include adjusting monitor
settings in Step 8. Installation and launching of software is outlined in
Step 10. Navigation of the file system is detailed from Step 15.

Step 7
The proper way to shut down or turn off the computer system is by
clicking on the 'Start' button and choosing the 'Turn Off Computer'
option. This will display the options to 'Standby', 'Restart', or 'Turn Off'
the machine.

Step 8
To adjust the monitor settings, right click on any blank portion of the
desktop and select the 'Properties' option from the context menu.
 Step 9
On the 'Display Properties' window, select the 'Settings' tab to adjust the
resolution of the screen. The 'Themes' tab will allow the loading of pre-
designed Windows themes. The 'Desktop' tab provides the way for
changing the color of the desktop as well as the displayed wallpaper. The
'Appearance' tab provides the various options of changing the behavior of
the windows, icons, and other elements of the platform, while the 'Screen
Saver' tab shows the option to allow the monitor to go on standby or
display animation.

Step 10
To extend the functionality of any computer system, software is normally
installed into the local hard drive. A software installer may be through
some media like a CD or DVD or from being downloaded from the
Internet.

Step 11
For CD or DVD installers, insert the installation disk in the CD or DVD drive
of the machine. This will be automatically read and launched by the
Operating System.
 Step 12
When the installation process is initiated, a new window will normally
be displayed to the user. Majority of newer installers provide either a
default or an advanced installation procedure. In most cases, simply
click on the default process to allow the installer to complete the
entire process with minimum user intervention.

Step 13
Upon completion of the installation process, a user may be prompted
to reboot the machine. Follow the guide in Step 7 to accomplish this
task.

Step 14
To launch the software, simply click on the 'Start' Menu, choose 'All
Programs' and select from the menu the program intended to be run.
An alternative to this process is to check if a shortcut link is created on
the Desktop. Clicking this icon will also launch the associated program.
 - How to Operate a Rice Cooker

1.Measure the rice with a cup and put it into

your cooking pot. Some rice cookers have a
removable bowl or pot, while others must have
the rice placed directly in the cooker. Most of the
time, rice cookers will come with a measuring
"cup" or scoop that can fit 3/4 cup (180 mL).
Alternatively, use an ordinary measuring cup.
One cup (240 mL) of uncooked rice will generate
anywhere from 1 1/2 cups (360 mL) to three cups
(720 mL) of cooked rice, depending on variety. [1]
Leave enough space for this expansion to prevent
the rice cooker from spilling over.
 2. Rinse the rice if necessary. Many people prefer to rinse rice
in order to remove any pesticides, herbicides, or
contaminants that may be present. Some less modern milling
practices also create broken grains that release excess starch
into the rice, which needs to be rinsed off to prevent the rice
clumping together.[2] If you decide to rinse the rice, pour
drinking water into the bowl or hold it under the faucet. Stir
as you add the water, until the rice is fully submerged. Drain
water through a sieve or tip the bowl slowly while catching
fallen rice grains with your hand. If the water looks discolored
or filled with floating bits of broken rice or dirt, rinse a second
or third time until new water added looks relatively clear.
White rice sold in the United States is required by law to be
enriched with powdered iron, niacin, thiamin, or folic acid;
these vitamins and minerals are usually removed by
washing.[3]
If your rice cooker has a non-stick bowl, wash the rice (prior to
cooking) in a colander with several washes/rinses/drains.
Replacement non-stick bowls are very expensive.
 3.Measure the water. Most rice cooker
instructions recommend cold water. How
much water you add depends on what kind of
rice you're cooking and how moist you prefer
it. There are often graduated marks on the
inside of a rice cooker, indicating how much
rice and water should be added, or
instructions on the package of rice.
Alternatively, use the following suggested
amounts depending on your variety of rice,
but keep in mind you can always adjust these
in future if you prefer your rice more chewy or
soft:
 White, long grain - 1 3/4 cups of water per 1 cup of rice
(420 mL water per 240 mL rice)
White, medium grain - 1 1/2 cups of water per 1 cup of
rice (360 mL water per 240 mL rice)
White, short grain - 1 1/4 cups of water per 1 cup of
rice (300 mL water per 240 mL rice)
Brown, long grain - 2 1/4 cups of water per 1 cup of
rice (520 mL water per 240 mL rice)
Sold as "parboiled" (not half-cooked at home) - 2 cups
of water per 1 cup of rice
For Indian style rices like Basmati or Jasmine, less
water is needed as a drier rice is desired, use no more
than 1 1/2 cups of water per 1 cup of rice. Use only 1
to 1 if you washed the rice previously. It is ok to add
bay leaves or cardamom pods directly to the rice
cooker to enhance the flavor.
 4. Soak the rice for thirty minutes, if desired.
This is not required, but some people soak the
rice to shorten the cooking time. Soaking may
also make the cooked rice stickier. Use the
amount of water measured earlier to soak the
rice at room temperature, then use this same
water for cooking.
5. Add flavorings (optional). Flavorings should be
added to the water before you start the rice
cooker, so the rice will absorb these flavors
during cooking. Many people prefer to add a little
bit of salt for flavor at this time. Butter or oil are
another common option. If you are making Indian
style rice, you may wish to add a few cardamom
seeds or a bay leaf.
 6. Push the rice grains off the sides and under the
water level. Use a wooden or plastic utensil to move
any rice grains around the pot back into the water. Rice
left above the water surface may burn during cooking.
If water or rice spilled over the edge, wipe the outside
of the pot with a cloth or rag.
You do not need to stir the rice under the water level.
This may release excess starch and result in clumpier or
stickier rice.

7. Check your rice cooker for special options. Some

rice cookers simply have an on/off switch. Others have
different settings for brown or white rice, or the ability
to delay the cooking until a specified time period has
passed. You are unlikely to run into problems if you just
go with the basic settings, but it's a good idea to figure
out what each button or option does if possible.
 8. Cook the rice in the rice cooker. If your rice cooker
has a removable cooking pot, place the pot of rice and
water back into the rice cooker. Close the lid of the
cooker, plug the cooker in, and press the switch to turn
it on. The switch will click, like a toaster, when the rice
is done. In most rice cookers, the rice will be warmed
until you unplug the cooker.
Don't lift the lid to check on the rice. The cooking
process depends on the development of steam inside
the pot, so letting steam escape by opening the lid may
result in improperly cooked rice.
The rice cooker automatically turns off when the
temperature inside the pot exceeds waters boiling
point (212 degrees F or 100 degrees C at sea level),
which will not happen until all the free water has
vaporized.[4]
 9. Allow the rice to "rest" for 10-15 minutes before
removing the lid (optional). This is not required but is
commonly recommended in rice cooker instructions,
and is automatic in some models. Unplugging the rice
cooker or taking the pot off of the heat for this period
will minimize the amount of rice that sticks to the pot.

10. Fluff and serve. Once there is no water left, the rice
should be ready to eat. Using a fork or other utensil to
stir the rice after cooking will break up clumps and
release steam, preventing the rice from overcooking.
If the rice is not ready to eat, see troubleshooting.