Cell Specialization Review

1. Why are we made up of specialized cells?

2. What is the purpose of bone cells?
3. What is the purpose of skin cells?

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 Hierarchy of Structure Review
1. What is the order of the hierarchy of
structure?
2. What are the 4 main types of tissue?
3. Give me two examples of where epithelial
tissue can be found in the body?

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 Stem Cells Review
1. What are the two things that stem cells
can do?
2. What is one main difference between
tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells?
3. Are stem cells in a newborns umbilical
cord an example of tissue stem cells or
embryonic stem cells?

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Digestive
System
 Lets begin todays lesson by
eating a cracker together
with a little music

https://youtu.be/iYpRY_UEL6c

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 Cracker Activity
What happened to the cracker when it was in your
mouth?
Why did it start to get softer?
What did you taste?
After a few minutes, did the taste change? Did it
become sweet?
Did the cracker get soft in your mouth even if you
were not chewing?

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 Answer
That sweet taste means an enzyme in your saliva
started to break down the starch to sugar.

This is one of the first steps in digestion!

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 Digestion
Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
 Digestion
Types
Mechanical (physical)
Chew
Tear
Grind
Mash
Mix
Chemical
Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
 Digestive System Organization
Digestive tract
Direct link/path between organs
Made up of which tissue types?
Structures
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum

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 Mouth
Teeth mechanically Pharynx function in the
break down food into process of swallowing
small pieces. Tongue and is the pathway for
mixes food with saliva the movement of food
(contains amylase, from the mouth to the
which helps break down esophagus.
starch).
 Esophagus
Approximately 20 cm long.
Functions include:
1. Secrete mucus
2. Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis
If acid from the stomach gets in
here thats heartburn.
Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video
 Stomach
J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food
you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain
enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids.
Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria.
Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.

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 Small Intestine
Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long
Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
projections called villi, to increase surface
area.
The villi are covered in microvilli which
further increases surface area for
absorption.

Crash Course Review

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 Small Intestine
Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.

Absorbs:
80% ingested water
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Secretes digestive enzymes

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 Large Intestine
About 1.5 meters long
Accepts what small intestines dont
absorb
Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
 Large Intestine
Functions

Absorbs more water

Concentrate wastes
 Accessory Organs The Glands
Not part of the path
of food, but play a
critical role.
Include: Liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas
 Liver
Directly affects digestion by producing
bile
Bile helps digest fat
filters out toxins and waste including
drugs and alcohol and poisons.

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 Gall Bladder
Stores bile from the
liver, releases it into the
small intestine.
 Pancreas
Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins
Regulates blood sugar
by producing insulin

Web Page Reinforcement Video

On a sheet of paper, write the name of
each colored organ:
Green:
Red:
Pink:
Brown:
Purple:
Green:
Yellow:
 Howd you do?
Green: Esophagus
Red: Stomach
Pink: Small Intestine
Brown: Large Intestine
Purple: Liver
Green: Gall Bladder
Yellow: Pancreas

Great Job!