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QoS

Juan Fco. Roco


Systems Engineer
Cisco Chile

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Agenda
 Introducción a QoS
 Caracterización de tráfico en redes convergentes
 Clasificación y marcado
 Traffic Policing
 Queuing & Scheduling
 Congestion Avoidance
 Traffic Shaping
 Otras herramientas
 Auto-QoS
 Recomendaciones

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Introducción a QoS

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Why Enable QoS?

QoS
 Enables VoIP and
IP telephony
Security  Drives productivity
Quality of
by enhancing service
Service
levels to mission-critical
applications
 Cuts costs by bandwidth
optimization
 Helps maintain network
availability in the event
of DoS/worm attacks

High Availability

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Campus QoS Considerations
Typical Campus Oversubscription Ratios

Core
Si Si

Typical 4:1
Oversubscription
Distribution
Si Si

Typical 20:1
Oversubscription
Access

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Cisco QoS Architectural Framework
Automating and Management
Video
Voice

Data
QoS for QoS for
Security Tiered Services
QoS for

Management Technologies

Management Applications
Convergence
Auto-Provisioning
Provisioning/

DiffServ Hybrid IntServ


Standards Standards Standards

Classification Policing Congestion Congestion Link- Signaling


and Marking Mgmt Avoidance Specific

Router CoS, DSCP, Single-


LLQ, WRED, Shaping,
Cisco MPLS EXP, Rate, RSVP
CBWFQ ECN cRTP, LFI
IOS® QoS NBAR Dual-Rate

Cisco CoS, Single Rate, WTD, RSVP,


Catalyst Dual Rate, 1PxQyT WRED, Shaping
DSCP COPS
QoS Microflow ECN

Cisco QoS Tools


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Quality of Service Operations
How Do QoS Tools Work?

Classification Queuing and Post-Queuing


and Marking (Selective) Dropping Operations

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Formas de configurar QoS

 CLI
 MQC
 AutoQoS
 QoS Policy Manager

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MQC
 Modular
 Separa clasificación de
políticas
 Separa políticas de
interfaces
 Estructura uniforme
 Independiente de la
plataforma

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AutoQoS

 Disponible en switches y routers


 Un solo comando habilita QoS para VoIP en un puerto,
interfaz o PVC
 Ej:
Interface serial0
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
auto qos voip

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Caracterización
del tráfico en
redes
convergentes

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Enabling QoS in the WAN

The Evils of Packet-Based Voice/Video

Delay
Loss Delay Variation
(Jitter)

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Voice QoS Requirements
End-to-End Latency
Hello? Hello?
Avoid the
“Human Ethernet”

CB Zone
Satellite Quality
High Quality Fax Relay, Broadcast

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800


Time (msec)
Delay Target

ITU’s G.114 Recommendation: ≤ 150msec One-Way Delay

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Voice QoS Requirements
Elements That Affect Latency and Jitter

PSTN

IP WAN

Campus Branch Office

Propagation
CODEC Queuing Serialization and Network
Jitter Buffer

Fixed
G.729A: 25 ms Variable Variable (3.3 s/Km) + 20–50 ms
Network Delay
(Variable)

End-to-End Delay (Must Be ≤ 150 ms)

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Voice QoS Requirements
Packet Loss Limitations

Voice Voice Voice Voice Voice Voice Voice Voice


4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1

Voice
3

Voice
Reconstructed Voice Sample
3

 Cisco DSP codecs can use predictor algorithms to


compensate for a single lost packet in a row
 Two lost packets in a row will cause an audible clip
in the conversation

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Voice QoS Requirements
Provisioning for Voice

 Latency ≤ 150 ms
Voice
One-Way
 Jitter ≤ 30 ms Requirements

 Loss ≤ 1%
 17–106 kbps guaranteed priority
bandwidth per call • Smooth
 150 bps (+ layer 2 overhead) • Benign
guaranteed bandwidth for • Drop sensitive
voice-control traffic per call • Delay sensitive
 CAC must be enabled • UDP priority

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Video QoS Requirements
Video Conferencing Traffic Example (384 kbps)

“I” Frame “I” Frame


1024–1518 1024–1518
Bytes Bytes
450Kbps

30pps
“P” and “B” Frames
128–256 Bytes
15pps
32Kbps

 “I” frame is a full sample of the video


 “P” and “B” frames use quantization via
motion vectors and prediction algorithms

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Video QoS Requirements
Provisioning for Interactive Video

 Latency ≤ 150 ms Video


One-Way
 Jitter ≤ 30 ms Requirements

 Loss ≤ 1%
 Minimum priority bandwidth
guarantee required is
Video-stream + 10–20% • Bursty
e.g., a 384 kbps stream could require up • Drop sensitive
to 460 kbps of priority bandwidth • Delay sensitive
• UDP priority
 CAC must be enabled

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Data QoS Requirements
Provisioning for Data

 Different applications have different


traffic characteristics
Data
 Different versions of the same
application can have different traffic
characteristics
 Classify data into four/five
data classes model • Smooth/bursty
Mission-critical apps • Benign/greedy
Transactional/interactive apps • Drop insensitive
Bulk data apps • Delay insensitive
Best effort apps • TCP retransmits
Optional: Scavenger apps

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Scavenger-Class
What Is the Scavenger Class?

 The Scavenger class is an Internet 2 draft specification


for a “less than best effort” service
 There is an implied “good faith” commitment for the
“best effort” traffic class
It is generally assumed that at least some network resources will
be available for the default class
 Scavenger class markings can be used to distinguish
out-of-profile/abnormal traffic flows from in-
profile/normal flows
The Scavenger class marking is CS1, DSCP 8
 Scavenger traffic is assigned a “less-than-best effort”
queuing treatment whenever
congestion occurs
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Enabling QoS in the Campus
Traffic Profiles and Requirements
Voice Video-Conf Data

 Smooth  Bursty  Smooth/bursty


 Benign  Greedy  Benign/greedy
 Drop sensitive  Drop sensitive  Drop insensitive
 Delay sensitive  Delay sensitive  Delay insensitive
 UDP priority  UDP priority  TCP retransmits

Bandwidth per Call IP/VC has the Same Traffic patterns for
Depends on Codec, Requirements as VoIP, Data Vary Among
Sampling-Rate, but Has Radically Different Applications
and Layer 2 Media Traffic Patterns (BW Varies
Greatly)
 Latency ≤ 150 ms  Latency ≤ 150 ms Data Classes:
 Jitter ≤ 30 ms  Jitter ≤ 30 ms Mission-Critical Apps
 Loss ≤ 1%  Loss ≤ 1% Transactional/Interactive Apps
One-Way Requirements One-Way Requirements Bulk Data Apps
Best Effort Apps (Default)

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Clasificación
y Marcado

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Classification Tools
Ethernet 802.1Q Class of Service
TAG
Pream. SFD DA SA Type PT Data FCS
4 Bytes
Ethernet Frame
Three Bits Used for CoS
(802.1p User Priority)
PRI CFI VLAN ID 802.1Q/p
Header
CoS Application
7 Reserved
 802.1p user priority field also
6 Routing
called Class of Service (CoS)
5 Voice
 Different types of traffic are 4 Video
assigned different CoS values 3 Call Signaling

 CoS 6 and 7 are reserved for 2 Critical Data


network use 1 Bulk Data
0 Best Effort Data
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Classification Tools
IP Precedence and DiffServ Code Points
Version ToS
Len ID Offset TTL Proto FCS IP SA IP DA Data
Length Byte
IPv4 Packet

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Standard IPv4
IP Precedence Unused
DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) IP ECN DiffServ Extensions

 IPv4: three most significant bits of ToS byte are called


IP Precedence (IPP)—other bits unused
 DiffServ: six most significant bits of ToS byte are called
DiffServ Code Point (DSCP)—remaining two bits used
for flow control
 DSCP is backward-compatible with IP precedence

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Classification Tools
DSCP Per-Hop Behaviors

 IETF RFCs have defined special keywords, called Per-Hop


Behaviors, for specific DSCP markings
 EF: Expedited Forwarding (RFC3246)
(DSCP 46)
 CSx: Class Selector (RFC2474)
Where x corresponds to the IP Precedence value (1–7)
(DSCP 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56)
 AFxy: Assured Forwarding (RFC2597)
Where x corresponds to the IP Precedence value
(only 1–4 are used for AF Classes)
And y corresponds to the Drop Preference value (either 1 or 2 or 3)
With the higher values denoting higher likelihood of dropping
(DSCP 10/12/14, 18/20/22, 26/28/30, 34/36/38)
 BE: Best Effort or Default Marking Value (RFC2474)
(DSCP 0)

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Classification and Marking
Cisco Marking Recommendations
L3 Classification L2
Application
IPP PHB DSCP CoS
Routing 6 CS6 48 6
Voice 5 EF 46 5
Video Conferencing 4 AF41 34 4
Streaming Video 4 CS4 32 4
Mission-Critical Data 3 AF31* 26 3
Call Signaling 3 CS3* 24 3

Transactional Data 2 AF21 18 2

Network Management 2 CS2 16 2


Bulk Data 1 AF11 10 1
Scavenger 1 CS1 8 1
Best Effort 0 0 0 0

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Classification Tools
MPLS EXP Bits
Frame Encapsulation MPLS Shim Header
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

Label Label Header Label EXP


EXP S TTL
Stack Layer-2 Header
Label Header

Payload 3 2 1 0

MPLS EXP S

 Packet class and drop precedence inferred from EXP (three-


bit) field
 RFC3270 does not recommend specific EXP values for
DiffServ PHB (EF/AF/DF)
 Used for frame-based MPLS

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Classification Tools
Network-Based Application Recognition
Stateful and Dynamic Inspection
IP Packet TCP/UDP Packet Data Area

ToS Protocol Source Dest Src Dst


IP Addr IP Addr Port Port Sub-Port/Deep Inspection

 Identifies over 90 applications and protocols TCP and


UDP port numbers
Statically assigned
Dynamically assigned during connection establishment

 Non-TCP and non-UDP IP protocols


 Data packet inspection for matching values

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Classification and Marking Design Principles
Where and How Should Marking Be Done?

 QoS policies (in general) should always be performed in hardware,


rather than software, whenever a choice exists
 Classify and mark applications as close to their sources as
technically and administratively feasible
 Use DSCP markings whenever possible
 Follow standards-based DSCP PHBs to ensure interoperation and
future expansion
RFC 2474 Class Selector Code Points
RFC 2597 Assured Forwarding classes
RFC 3246 Expedited Forwarding

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Clasificación (MQC)
 class-map {match any | match all} class-map-name
 match condition
ACL,IPP,DSCP,MPLS Exp,protocol (NBAR), CoS, interfaz entrada…
 Ejemplo:
CAT2950(config)# class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
CAT2950(config-cmap)# match ip dscp 46
CAT2950(config)# class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
CAT2950(config-cmap)# match ip dscp 24 26
 show class-map

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Marcado (MQC)
 policy-map policy-map-name
 class class-map-name
set DSCP n
set COS m

 (interface) service-policy {input|output} policy-map-name

 Ejemplo:
CAT2950(config)#policy-map UNTRUSTED-SERVER
CAT2950(config-pmap)# class SAP
CAT2950(config-pmap-c)# set ip dscp 18
CAT2950(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
CAT2950(config-if)# service-policy input UNTRUSTED-SERVER
 show policy-map

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Enabling QoS in the Campus
Trust Boundary
Endpoints Access Distribution Core WAN Agg.

1 Si Si

2
Si Si
3
Trust Boundary

 A device is trusted if it correctly classifies packets


 For scalability, classification should be done as close to
the edge as possible
 The outermost trusted devices represent the trust boundary
 1 and 2 are optimal, 3 is acceptable (if access switch cannot perform classification)

1 2 3

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Enabling QoS in the Campus
Scheduling in IP Phones
IP Phone Enclosure
P1 Untrusted:
P Trusted: Phone Switch
Phone Rewrites CoS = 0
Switch Accepts
incoming CoS Voice
CoS = 5 CoS = 5
P0
P P2 P1

Access Data
CoS = 0
Switch Priority Q
PC
Data Qs

 Voice media traffic is marked with CoS 5/ DSCP EF (high priority)


 Data traffic from the PC is remarked with CoS 0 (low priority)
by the IP phone switch; this occurs if PC tags frames as 802.1p/Q; phone
switch transparent if PC frames untagged
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Trust QoS

 Catalyst 2950/2960/3560/3750/6500
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
mls qos trust dscp

 Catalyst 4500
qos trust device cisco-phone
qos trust cos
qos trust dscp

QoS: debe ser habilitado: mls qos | qos

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Policing

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RFC 2697 Single Rate Three Color Policer

Overflow
CIR

CBS EBS

No No
B<Tc B<Te

Packet of Yes Yes


Size B
Conform Exceed Violate

Action Action Action

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Single rate policing (MQC)

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Single Rate, Single Token Bucket

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Single rate, dual bucket

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RFC 2698 Two Rate Three Color Policer

PIR CIR

PBS CBS

No No
B>Tp B>Tc

Packet of Yes Yes


Size B
Violate Exceed Conform

Action Action Action

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Dual rate policing (MQC)

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Dual rate (MQC)

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Queuing &
Scheduling

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Scheduling Tools
Queuing Algorithms
Voice 1 1

Video 2 2

3 3
Data

 Congestion can occur at any point in the network where


there are speed mismatches
 Routers use Cisco IOS-based software queuing
Low-Latency Queuing (LLQ) used for highest-priority traffic
(voice/video)
Class-Based Weighted-Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) used for
guaranteeing bandwidth to data applications

 Cisco Catalyst switches use hardware queuing

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LLQ/CBWFQ

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Enabling QoS in the WAN
Provisioning

Voice Is not Free—Especially on Low-Speed Links—


Engineer the Network for Data, Voice, and Video

Voice/Video Routing,
Voice Video Data Etc.
Control

LLQ = 33%
Sum of Traffic = 75% Reserved
Link Capacity

Link Capacity = (Min BW for Voice + Min BW for Video + Min BW for Data)/0.75

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 46
Enabling QoS in the WAN
LLQ Example
class-map class-default
LLQ
match any
Class-Map Voice = 17%
class-map match-all voice
match ip dscp ef Priority
Class-map match-all voice-control Queue 1 1
match ip dscp af31 ; or CS3
! De-
policy-map WAN 3 2 1 1 2 1 queue
class voice 128
Classify kbps
priority percent 17 2 2
class voice-control CBWFQ
bandwidth percent 2 3 3
class class-default
fair-queue
! class-map default = remaining
interface Serial0/1
ip address 10.1.6.2 255.255.255.0
Any Packet with DSCP = 46
bandwidth 128 (PHB=EF) Gets Assigned to
no ip directed-broadcast a Class that Will Get a High
service-policy output WAN Priority Queue with 17%
! Bandwidth
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Catalyst 2950

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Catalyst 2950/2960
 Incoming CoS to internal DSCP
mls qos map cos-dscp dscp1...dscp8
Switch(config)# mls qos map cos-dscp 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show mls qos maps cos-dscp

 Incoming DSCP to CoS (to select queue)


mls qos map dscp-cos dscp-list to cos
Switch(config)# mls qos map dscp-cos 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 50 to 0
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show mls qos maps dscp-cos

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Catalyst 2950

 Mapea DSCP (interno) a CoS


 Cuatro colas de salida, basado en CoS:
La cola 4 puede ser Expedita
(es servida antes que las otras)

 Las colas restantes son Weighted Round Robin


 Se evita la congestión con WRED (1000) y tail drop
(1000/100/10)

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Catalyst 2950

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Catalyst 2960
 Mapea DSCP (interno) a CoS
 Colas de entrada
Una cola expedita
Una cola SRR
 Cola de salida
Una cola puede ser expedita
El resto (3) es SRR
 Shaped Round Robin
Shaped: estricto
Shared: si otra cola no está usando, lo ocupa
 Se evita la congestión con WTD
Cada cola tiene 3 umbrales: 2 son configurables como un porcentaje del buffer de la cola,
el tercero es el 100% del buffer

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Catalyst 2960

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Catalyst 2960 - AutoQoS

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Congestion
Avoidance

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TCP Global Synchronization:
The Need for Congestion Avoidance
 All TCP flows synchronize in waves
 Synchronization wastes available bandwidth

Bandwidth
100% Utilization

Time

Tail Drop
Three Traffic Flows Another Traffic Flow
Start at Different Times Starts at This Point

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Scheduling Tools
Congestion Avoidance Algorithms
TAIL DROP
WRED Queue

3 3
1 0
1 2 1 2 0 2 0 3 2 1 3

0
3
 Queueing algorithms manage the front of the queue
0
 Which packets get transmitted first
3
 Congestion avoidance algorithms manage the tail of
the queue
 Which packets get dropped first when queuing buffers fill
 Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
WRED can operate in a DiffServ-compliant mode
 Drops packets according to their DSCP markings
WRED works best with TCP-based applications, like data

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Scheduling Tools
DSCP-Based WRED Operation

Drop All Drop All Drop All


Drop AF13 AF12 AF11
Probability

100%

50%

Average
0 Queue
Begin Begin Begin Size
Dropping Dropping Dropping
AF13 AF12 AF11 Max Queue
Length
(Tail Drop)

AF = (RFC 2597) Assured Forwarding

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Traffic Shaping

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Traffic Shaping
Without Traffic Shaping
Line
Rate
With Traffic Shaping
Shaped
Rate

Traffic Shaping Limits the Transmit Rate to a Value Lower Than Line Rate

 Policers typically drop traffic


 Shapers typically delay excess traffic, smoothing bursts
and preventing unnecessary drops
 Very common on Non-Broadcast Multiple-Access
(NBMA) network topologies such as Frame Relay and
ATM

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Otras herramientas

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Link-Fragmentation and Interleaving

Serialization Voice Data


Can Cause
Excessive Delay
Data Data Data Voice Data

With Fragmentation and Interleaving Serialization Delay Is Minimized

 Serialization delay is the finite amount of time required to


put frames on a wire
 For links ≤ 768 kbps serialization delay is a major factor affecting
latency and jitter
 For such slow links, large data packets need to be fragmented and
interleaved with smaller, more urgent voice packets

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IP RTP Header Compression

IP Header UDP Header RTP Header Voice


20 Bytes 8 Bytes 12 Bytes Payload

 cRTP reduces L3 VoIP BW by:


~ 20% for G.711
2–5
~ 60% for G.729 Bytes

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Signaling Tools
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
This App Needs
16K BW and
 RSVP QoS 100 msec Delay
services Multimedia
Station
Guaranteed service Handset
I Need 16K
Mathematically provable BW and
bounds 100 msec
Delay
on end-to-end datagram
queuing delay/bandwidth
Controlled service Reserve 16K
BW on this Line
Approximate QoS from
an unloaded network for
delay/bandwidth
Handset
 RSVP provides the
policy to WFQ and LLQ

Multimedia Server
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AutoQoS

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Cisco Catalyst 2950
AutoQoS VoIP Model Example
C2950(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

!
wrr-queue bandwidth 10 20 70 1
Options: wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1
wrr-queue cos-map 2 2 4
auto qos voip cisco-phone wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7
auto qos voip cisco-softphone wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 26 32 46 48 56
auto qos voip trust !
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos voip cisco-phone
!

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Cat 2960/2970/3560/3750 AutoQoS Example
CAT2970(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone
!
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 26 32 46 48 56
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 5
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 3 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 3 threshold 3 2 4
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 4 threshold 2 1
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 4 threshold 3 0
Options: mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
47
31
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
auto qos voip cisco-phone mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 3 threshold 3 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
63
23
auto qos voip cisco-softphone mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 3 threshold 3 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 1 8
auto qos voip trust mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 1 138 138 92 138
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 2 138 138 92 400
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 3 36 77 100 318
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 4 20 50 67 400
mls qos queue-set output 2 threshold 1 149 149 100 149
mls qos queue-set output 2 threshold 2 118 118 100 235
mls qos queue-set output 2 threshold 3 41 68 100 272
mls qos queue-set output 2 threshold 4 42 72 100 242
mls qos queue-set output 1 buffers 10 10 26 54
mls qos queue-set output 2 buffers 16 6 17 61
mls qos
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
srr-queue bandwidth share 10 10 60 20
srr-queue bandwidth shape 10 0 0 0
queue-set 2
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos voip cisco-phone
!
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 67
Cisco Catalyst 4500
AutoQoS: VoIP Model
CAT4500(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

!
Options: qos
qos dbl
auto qos voip cisco-phone qos map cos 3 to 26
auto qos voip trust qos map cos 5 to 46
qos map dscp 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 to tx-queue 4
qos map dscp 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 to tx-queue 4
!
policy-map autoqos-voip-policy
class class-default
dbl
!
Interface GigabitEthernet0/1
qos trust device cisco-phone
qos trust cos
tx-queue 3
priority high
shape percent 33
bandwidth percent 33
!

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68
AutoQoS
AutoQoS VoIP: WAN
interface Serial2/0
bandwidth 768
ip address 10.1.102.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
auto qos voip trust

!
!
class-map match-any AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
interface Multilink2001100117
match ip dscp ef
bandwidth 768
class-map match-any AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
ip address 10.1.102.2 255.255.255.0
match ip dscp cs3
service-policy output AutoQoS-Policy-Trust
match ip dscp af31
ip tcp header-compression iphc-format
!
no cdp enable
!
ppp multilink
policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Trust
ppp multilink fragment delay 10
class AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
ppp multilink interleave
priority percent 70
ppp multilink group 2001100117
class AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
ip rtp header-compression iphc-format
bandwidth percent 5
!
class class-default

fair-queue
!
!
interface Serial2/0
bandwidth 768
no ip address
encapsulation ppp
auto qos voip trust
no fair-queue
ppp multilink
ppp multilink group 2001100117
!

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 69
AutoQoS WAN DiffServ Classes

AutoDiscovery Cisco AutoQoS Policy Traffic Class DSCP

Cisco AutoQoS IP Routing CS6


Application and Class-Maps
Protocol Types Interactive Voice EF
Match Statements
Interactive Video AF41
Minimum Bandwidth
Offered Bit
to Class Queues, Streaming Video CS4
Rate (Average and
Scheduling
Peak) Telephony Signaling CS3
and WRED
Transactional/Interactive AF21

Network Management CS2

Bulk Data AF11

Best Effort 0

Scavenger CS1

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 70
AutoQoS WAN, Part One: Discovery
AutoDiscovery Notes
interface Serial4/0 point-to-point
encapsulation frame-relay
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
auto discovery qos

 Command should be enabled on interface of interest


 Do not change interface bandwidth when running auto
discovery
 Cisco Express Forwarding must be enabled
 All previously attached QoS policies must be removed
from the interface

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71
AutoQoS WAN, Part One: Discovery
(Cont.)
Router# show auto discovery qos

AutoQoS Discovery enabled for applications


Discovery up time: 2 days, 55 minutes
AutoQoS Class information:
Class VoIP:
Recommended Minimum Bandwidth: 517 Kbps/50% (PeakRate)
Detected applications and data:
Application/ AverageRate PeakRate Total
Protocol (kbps/%) (kbps/%) (bytes)
rtp audio 76/7 517/50 703104
Class Interactive Video:
Recommended Minimum Bandwidth: 24 Kbps/2% (AverageRate)
Detected applications and data:
Application/ AverageRate PeakRate Total
Protocol (kbps/%) (kbps/%) (bytes)
rtp video 24/2 5337/52 704574
Class Transactional:
Recommended Minimum Bandwidth: 0 Kbps/0% (AverageRate)
Detected applications and data:
Application/ AverageRate PeakRate Total
Protocol (kbps/%) (kbps/%) (bytes)
citrix 36/3 74/7 30212
sqlnet 12/1 7/<1 1540

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72
AutoQoS WAN, Part Two: Provisioning
interface Serial4/0 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
auto qos

class-map match-any AutoQoS-Voice-Se4/0


match protocol rtp audio
class-map match-any AutoQoS-Inter-Video-Se4/0
match protocol rtp video
class-map match-any AutoQoS-Transactional-Se4/0
match protocol sqlnet
match protocol citrix
!
policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Se4/0
class AutoQoS-Voice-Se4/0
priority percent 70
set dscp ef
class AutoQoS-Inter-Video-Se4/0
bandwidth remaining percent 10
set dscp af41
class AutoQoS-Transactional-Se4/0
bandwidth remaining percent 1
set dscp af21
class class-default
fair-queue
!

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73
AutoQoS Enterprise: WAN, Part Two:
Provisioning (Cont.)
interface Serial4/0 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
auto qos

<policy continued>
!
policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Se4/0-Parent
class class-default
shape average 256000
service-policy AutoQoS-Policy-Se4/0
!
interface Serial4/0 point-to-point
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
class AutoQoS-FR-Serial4/0-100
!
map-class frame-relay AutoQoS-FR-Serial4/0-100
frame-relay cir 256000
frame-relay mincir 256000
frame-relay fragment 320
service-policy output AutoQoS-Policy-Se4/0-Parent

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 74
AutoQoS WAN, Part Three: Monitoring
Monitoring Drops in LLQ
 Thresholds are activated in
RMON alarm table to monitor
drops in Voice Class
 Default drop threshold is 1bps

rmon event 33333 log trap AutoQoS description “AutoQoS


SNMP traps for Voice Drops” owner AutoQoS

rmon alarm 33350 cbQoSCMDDropBitRate.2881.2991 30


Absolute rising-threshold 1 33333 falling-threshold 0
Owner AutoQoS

RMON Event Configured and


Generated by Cisco AutoQoS

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 75
Recomendaciones

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 76
Catalyst 2950

Global Uplinks to
Commands Access-Edges Distribution Layer

Trusted-Endpoint
Model

Global1P3Q1T AutoQoS—
Trust-DSCP
Queuing VoIP Model

IP Phone + PC +
Scavenger (Basic) Model

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 77
Catalyst 2950
Application DSCP CoS
1P3Q1T
Network Control – CoS 7
CoS 5 Q4
Internetwork Control CS6 CoS 6
Priority Queue
Voice EF CoS 5
CoS 7
Interactive Video AF41 CoS 4
Streaming Video CS4 CoS 4 CoS 6

Mission-Critical Data AF31 CoS 3 Queue 3


CoS 4
(70%)
Call Signaling CS3 CoS 3
CoS 3
Transactional Data AF21 CoS 2
CoS 2
Network Management CS2 CoS 2
Bulk Data AF11 CoS 1 Queue 2
Scavenger CS1 CoS 1 CoS 0 (25%)

Best Effort 0 0 CoS 1 Queue 1 (5%)


Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 78
Catalyst 2960/3560/3750

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 79
Catalyst 2960/3560/3750

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 80
WAN Edge QoS Design Considerations
QoS Requirements of WAN Aggregators

Campus
Distribution/
Queuing/Dropping/Shaping/
Core Switches Link-Efficiency Policies for
Campus-to-Branch Traffic

WAN Aggregator

WAN

LAN Edges WAN Edges

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 81
WAN Aggregation
Example Strategy for Expanding the Number of Classes of Service over Time

4/5 Class Model 8 Class Model 11 Class Model

Voice Voice
Realtime Interactive-Video
Video Streaming Video
Call Signaling Call Signaling Call Signaling
IP Routing
Network Control
Network Management
Critical Data Mission-Critical Data
Critical Data
Transactional Data
Bulk Data Bulk Data

Best Effort Best Effort


Best Effort

Scavenger Scavenger Scavenger


Time
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 82
8 Class model

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 83
11 class model

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 84
11 class model (cont.)

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 85
Branch Router QoS Design
QoS Requirements for Branch Routers

Queuing/Dropping/Shaping/ Classification and Marking (+ NBAR)


Link-Efficiency Policies for Policies for Branch-to-Campus Traffic
Branch-to-Campus Traffic

Branch Router
Branch
Switch
WAN

WAN Edge LAN Edge

Optional: DSCP-to-CoS Mapping


Policies for Campus-to-Branch Traffic

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 86
MPLS VPN QoS Design
QoS Requirements in MPLS VPN Architectures

CE-to-PE Queuing/Shaping/Remarking/LFI Optional: Core DiffServ or MPLS TE Policies

PE Ingress Policing and Remarking

P Routers

CE Router
PE Router PE Router CE Router

MPLS VPN
PE-to-CE Queuing/Shaping/LFI Required
Optional

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 87
Q&A

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 88
At-a-glance

 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk543/tk759/tech_whit
e_papers_list.html

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Muchas gracias

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