FORESTS

Ana Hpola
Claudia Herrera
Santiago Herrero
- A forest is a large area dominated by trees.
- Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe.
- Forests covered four billion hectares or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area.
- A forest consists of many components that can be divided into two categories that are living
and non-living components. The living components include trees, bushes, grasses and other
herbaceous (non-woody) plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians and microorganisms living on the plants and animals and in the soil.
There are three types of forests:

- Coniferous forests
- Temperate deciduous forest
- Mediterranean forest
Mediterranean forests

Coniferous forests Temperate deciduous forests

 Some of the forest products are.
Furnitures Constructions
Furnitures

Medicinal Wood
Grasses, products Bark
Bamboos Corks
Paper products
Canes

Baskets Biomass
Heat

Dyes Gums
Resins
Varnishes

Tinted clothing Paints

Honey

Spices
Fruits Esential oil

Pinions Berries
Soaps
Creams
Coniferous forests make up one-third of the worlds forests and are found
in northern parts of North America, Europe and Asia where temperatures
tend to be lower and winter tends to last longer.

Coniferous forests
Most of the trees in coniferous forests are conifers (or evergreens).
They produce cones and needles; some needles remain on the
tree all year long.
Being forests, these areas are principally defined by their trees, but there are
many varieties of conifers as well as a number of other plants.
Pines, spruce, firs and larches are the dominant trees in coniferous forests.

Pine trees
Fir trees

Larch tree

Larch tree Spruce trees

Reindeer moss Salal Slippery jack fungus

Sword fern Thimbleberry

Coniferous forests provide habitat for many different animals. Most
coniferous forests are home to creatures from tiny microbes to large bears.

Beavers Brown bear Crossbill

Deer

Weasel Moose Wolf Fox

 Lynx Western tanager Field mouse

Wood duck Bald eagle Jack rabbit Yellow jacket

Temperate deciduous forests are
dominated by trees that lose their
leaves each year. They are found in
areas with warm, moist summers
and mild winters.The three major Temperate deciduous forests
areas of this forest type occur in the
northern hemisphere: eastern North
America, eastern Asia, and Europe. Temperate deciduous forests are found between 40 and
Smaller areas also occur in Australia 60 north and south of the equator.
and southern South America. They occur in places with high rainfall, warm summers and
cooler winters, encouraging the trees to lose their leaves.
The rainfall is high, between
500-1,500 mm a year. The
temperatures remain on average
above 0C even in the winter.
The summer temperatures
average between 25-20C
White Oak Eastern Redbud Fern

Northern Arrowwood
Moss
squirrels bears

Wild boar
owl fox

birs
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund, is generally
characterized by dry summers and rainy winters. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations but
can be cool near colder seas. Winters are typically mild to cool in low-lying locations but can be cold in
inland and higher locations
The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome mostly occurs in, but not limited to, the
Mediterranean climate zones, in the mid-latitudes

Mediterranean forest
Vegetation types range from forests to woodlands, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands; "mosaic habitat"
landscapes are common, where differing vegetation types are interleaved with one another
Mediterranean forests are generally composed of broadleaf trees, such as the oak and mixed sclerophyll
forests of California and the Mediterranean region, the Eucalyptus forests of Southwest Australia, and the
Nothofagus forests of central Chile. Coniferous forests also occur, especially around the Mediterranean.
Pine and deciduous oak forest are widespread across California

Oak

Holm oak

eucalyptus Pine
rosemary thyme

acorn
 Red
deer

Iberian lynx

rabbit
Grey wolf
 bear

squirrels

Imperial eagle