Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
5 regions, 33 bones
Regions
Cervical ( 7 vertebrae)
Thoracic ( 12 vertebrae)
Lumbar ( 5 vertebrae)
Sacral bone (5 fused =
Sacrum)
Coccygeal bone (4 fused
= coccyx)
Vertebrae separated
by intervertebral
discs
Intervertebral discs
(anulus fibrosus +
nucleus pulposus)
Typical vertebra has :
Corpus vertebra
Arcus vertebra (lamina and pedicle)
Foramen vertebra
Processus spinosus (1)
Processus transversus (2)
Processus articularis superior (2)
Processus articularis superior(2)
Modified from Fig. 7.18
LOOK
FEEL
Examination :
Assess the thoracic
curvature from side
Examination :
Access the flow of movement in the
spine, and whether the curvature
increases
Examination :
Assess the curvature of the
thoracic spine
Examination :
Check if there is a regular but
fixed kyphosis is found
Examination :
Check for an angular kyphosis, with a
gibbus or prominent vertebral spine
Examination :
Palpate and look for tenderness
higher in the spine at the thoracal
spine
Examination :
Lightly percuss the spine in an orderly
progression from the root of the neck to
the sacrum
Results :
Note that significant pain is a feature of
tuberculous and other infections, trauma
(especially fractures) and neoplasms
Position :
Patient attempt to touch his toes
Examination :
Watch the spine closely for
smoothness of movement and any
areas of restriction
Examination :
Note the distance between the finger
and the ground
Examination :
See the angle of range flexion. The
majority of normal patients can
reach the floor or within 7 cm from it
Examination :
Flexion in the thoracic spine may be
measured with the upper point 30 cm
from the previous zero mark
Flatening
Reversal
A: Normal in women A: Cafe au lait spot Scoliosis
B: Spondylolisthesis B: Fat pad or hairy patch
C: Scaring
Look when patient sitting
Scoliosis in infant assess the Idiopathic scoliosis
rigidity of a curvature
Feel Tenderness
C: Sacroiliac joint
D: Higher in the spine
E: Vertebral body
Lightly percuss the spine in an orderly
progression from the root of the neck to the
sacrum.
Straight Leg Raising
SCORING
Total paralysis 0
Palpable or visible 1
contraction
Active movement, 2
gravity eleminated
Active movement, 3
against gravity
Active movement, 4
against some resistance
Active movement, 5
against full resistance
Not testable NT