Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Drilling Engineering
Lesson 15
Torque and Drag
Calculations
Torque and Drag Calculations
Friction
Logging
Hook Load
Lateral Load
Torque Requirements
Examples
HW #8
Well Survey
due 11-04-02
Friction - Stationary
Horizontal surface N
No motion
No applied force
Fy = 0
N=W
W
Velocity, V > 0
N F
V = constant
Force along surface
W
N=W
F = N = W
Frictionless, Inclined, Straight Wellbore:
1. Consider
a section
of pipe
in the
wellbore.
T W cos I Ff
so T W cos I Ff
I 68.2
Note: cot I
Problem 2
W
N = W = 30 lb/ft * 8,000 ft = 240,000 lb
F = N = 0.3 * 240,000 lb = 72,000 lb
N=W T=F*d
F = N
HL HL 2000 HL8000
0.5
lb lb
30 * 2000 ft 30 * 8000 ft * cos 60
ft ft
60,000 lbf 120,000 lbf
N = 30 * 8,000 * sin 60
= 207,846 lbf
Solution to Problem 3 - Lowering
Thus, F8000 = N
= 0.3 * 207,846 = 62,352 lbf
ROT
RIH
POH
MD
ft
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
Torque
N W sin I
Force * Arm
F N
d
Ff *
2
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
d d d
Torque Ff N W sin I
2 2 2
7 1
0.3 * 30 * 8000 * sin 60 * *
2 12
Assume Equilibrium
at angle as shown.
N W sin I sin
Solving equations (6) & (7)
N W sin I cos
tan
1
tan ( ) (8)
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
(ii) continued
Taking moments about the center of the pipe:
d
T Ff *
2
Evaluating the problem at hand:
1 1
From Eq. (8), tan ( ) tan (0.3)
16.70
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
Ff 59.724 lbf
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
d
From Eq. (9), T Ff *
2
7 1
59,724 * *
2 12
Torque 17,420 ft - lbf
Solution to Problem 3
d
T W sin I sin
2
7
30 * 8000 * sin60 * sin 16.70 *
24
T 17,420 ft - lbf
Solution to Problem 3
(i) T = 18,187
(ii) T = 17,420
N W sin I 2T sin (10)
2
Effect of Doglegs
Falong tangent : (T T) cos 2 W cos I T cos 2 0
T cos W cos I
2
cos 1 (11)
2
Effect of Doglegs
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (10)&(11)
T WcosI
Effect of Doglegs
B. Including Friction
While lowering pipe (RIH)
(as above)
N W sin I 2T sin
2
T W cos I N
B. Including Friction
While raising pipe (POH)
T W cos I N
T W cos I ( W sin I 2T sin )
2 (13)
d d
Torque N ( W sin I 2T sin )
2 2 2
(14)
Effect of Doglegs
A. Neglecting Friction
(e.g. pipe rotating)
F along normal : W sinI T T sin T sin N 0
2 2
W sin I 2T sin T sin N 0
2 2
N W sin I 2T sin
2
Effect of Doglegs
Falong tangent : (T T) cos 2 W cos I T cos 2 0
T cos W cos I
2
cos 1 (16)
2
Effect of Doglegs
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (15)&(16)
T WcosI
Effect of Doglegs
B. Including Friction
While lowering pipe (RIH)
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (15)
T W cos I N
T W cos I W sin I 2T sin
2 (17)
Effect of Doglegs
T W cos I N
i.e. T WcosI WsinI - 2Tsin
2 (18)
d d
Torque N W sin I 2T sin
2 2 2 (19)
Problem #4 - Curved Wellbore with Friction
= 0.25
Problem
#4
- Curved
Wellbore
with
Friction
T = 100,000 lbf
Evaluate the Following:
(a) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft. up the hole
if the pipe is rotating?
(b) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft up the hole if
the pipe is being lowered into the hole?
(c) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft up the hole if
the pipe is being pulled out of the hole?
60 68
IAVG
2
IAVG 64 o
lb
30 *100ft * cos 64
ft
1,315 lbf
T W cos I N
Solution 4(b) - Lowering
T68 = 97,153 lbf
From equation 12,
N W sin I 2T sin
2
N 30 *100 * sin 64 2 *100,000 * sin 4
2,696 13,951
N 16,648 lbf
Solution 4 (c)
T W cos I N
Solution 4(c) - Raising
T68 = 105,477 lbf
From equation 12,
5477 lbf
T68 100,000 5477 (T T) T60 = 100,000 lbf
T60 T68
From above, at 64
N 16,648 lbf
for 40 ft distance,
40
N centr. 16,648 *
100
6,659 lbf
i.e., Lateral load on centralizer,
lb
Note : 40 ft of pipe * 30 1200 lbf
ft
Alternate Approach
So, 30 ft up-hole,
T 100,000 1,315 * (30 / 100) lbf
T 100,395 lbf
Alternate Approach
From Eq. (10), N W sin I 2T sin
2
N 30 * 40 * sin 64 2 *100,395 * sin(1.6 )
{4 * 40/100}
1,079 5,606
N 6,685 lbf
for 40 ft centralizer spacing,
N centr. 6,685 lbf
Centralizer