A PRESENTATION ON

SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

 INTRODUCTION
By the early 1990's, Japan has developed and
used SCC.

Self compacted concrete is highly engineered

concrete with much higher fluidity without segregation
and is capable of filling every corner of formwork under
its self weight .

Thus SCC eliminates the vibration for the compaction

of concrete without affecting its engineering properties.

As of the year 2000, SCC used for prefabricated

products (precast members) and ready-mixed concrete
(cast-in-place) in the Japan, USA, etc.
 Development of SCC
In 1983, the problem of the durability of the concrete
structures was a major topic of interest in Japan.
The creation of durable concrete structures requires
adequate compaction by skilled workers.
Solution for the achievement of durable concrete structures
independent of the quality construction work is the use of
SCC.
The necessity of this type of concrete was proposed by
Okamura in 1986.
Studies to develop SCC have been carried out by Ozawa
and Maekawa at the university of Tokyo.
Present-day SCC can be classified as an
advanced construction material.
 The Important Properties
Self-compactability
Avoidance of bleeding and segregation
Low shrinkage
Low permeability
Strength as needed
 Whats Different?
Segregation resistance from mortar viscosity &
not due to aggregate grading.

Workability through admixtures, not water

content.

Self compacting due to own weight and not

vibrators.
 What is the secret?
Paste Viscosity!
Attained by one of three means:
High cement content
High content of Fly Ash, Silica Fume etc
Use of Viscosity Modifying Admixture

Also low water content using HRWR

 Basic requirements
For successful casting of SCC :
A.Excellent deformability
1. Increase deformability of paste by
a) use of HRWR
b) balanced water

2. Reduce inter-particle friction by

a) low coarse aggregate volume
( high paste volume)
 Continued.
B. Good Stability
1. Reduce separation of solids by
a) limiting aggregate content
b) increasing cohesion and viscosity

2. Minimize bleeding (free water) by

a) low water content
b) superplastisizers
 Continued.
C. Low risk of blockage by:

1. Enhanced cohesiveness
2.Sufficient spacing between reinforcement
and coarse aggregate
 Benefits of SCC
For Contractors:

Reduced vibration effort and noise during placing.

Ability to fill complex forms with limited accessibility.
More uniform distribution in areas of closely
bunched reinforcement.
Rapid pumping of concrete.
Uniform and compact surface.
Less surface voids and need for rubbing and
patching.
Improved aesthetics of flatwork for less effort.
 Benefits of SCC
For Ready-Mix Producers:
Better perception from customers by offering a
technically advanced, higher value concrete mixture.
Offers a product that saves customers time and
money.
More efficient use of mixing equipment and delivery.
Can easily expand variety of products offered without
adding more equipment.
Improved aesthetics of final product.
 Benefits of SCC
For Cast-in Place Fabricators:

Allows easier quality control.

Easier to achieve qualities of an optimally designed
mix.
Can better guarantee properties due to tight quality
control.
Faster slump loss means concrete is ready for
steam-curing quicker.
 limitations of SCC
Limited bleeding characteristics and plastic shrinkage
may cause if not properly protected and cured.

Higher admixtures content can also lead to plastic

shrinkage if not properly cured.

SCC requires a higher level of quality control than

conventional slump concrete.

Key items to monitor are:

Coarse and fine aggregate grading
Coarse aggregate void volume
Aggregate moistures
Technical advantages of SCC
Simple even in complicated formwork and tight
reinforcement.
Higher installation performance since no compaction
work is necessary.
Reduced construction times, especially at large
construction sites
Reduced noise pollution since vibrators are not
necessary.
Higher and more homogenous concrete quality across
the entire concrete cross-section, especially around the
reinforcement
Improved concrete surfaces (visible concrete quality)
Typically higher early strength of the concrete so that
formwork removal can be performed more quickly.
 Cost criteria
The increased cost of the concrete of SCC balances against labor
savings and aesthetic benefits.
Contractors, producers and owners are under great pressure to produce
better quality construction at lower costs of labor, materials and
equipment.
Reduced in-place cost:
SCC can increase the speed of construction, improve surface finish and
thus reduce repair, patching costs & reduce maintenance costs on
equipment.
Reduced labor costs:
Reduces labor demands of skilled labour for quality concrete works.
Improved work environment and safety:
minimizing noise exposures & also It reduces fall hazards, as workers do
not have to stand on forms to consolidate concrete.
Improved aesthetics
Provides finished surfaces thus reduces the finishing costs .
 Factors affecting SCC
1. Aggregate volume
2. Size distribution & shape of aggregate
3. Ratio between fine and coarse aggregate
4. Density of paste of aggregate
5. Surface property of aggregate
6. Void content of aggregate
 Material required
CEMENT
FINE AGGREGATE
COARSE AGGREGATE
FLYASH
WATER
HIGH RANGE WATER RETARDERS
VISCOSITY MODIFYING ADMIXTURES
Principals of SCC mix design
Small size & Reduction of
limited coarse agg. internal stress
causing blockages

Increase Paste
HRWRs flow

Viscosity Modifying Increase paste

agents viscosity to prevent
segregation

Low heat of
Mineral hydration,
Admixtures Enhances Stability
 TYPES OF SCC
There are three ways in which scc can be made
POWDER TYPE
Scc is made by increasing the powder content
VMA TYPE
Scc is made by using viscosity modifying admixture
COMBINED TYPE
Scc is made by increasing the powder content and
adding VMA
 MIX PROPORTIONS
PARTICULARS UNITS M60 POWDER VMA TYPE COMBINED
TYPE TYPE

COARSE Kg/m3 1108.13 1108.13 1108.13 1108.13

AGGREGATE

FINE Kg/m3 683.24 683.24 683.24 683.24

AGGREGATE

CEMENT Kg/m3 504.21 504.21 504.21 504.21

FLY ASH % of cement 0 10 0 5

WATER Kg/m3 141.61 141.61 141.61 141.61

HRWR l/m3 4.668 4.668 4.668 4.668
VMA l/100kg of 0 0 0.8 0.4
cement
 HIGH RANGE WATER RETARDERS
(HRWR) SUPERPLASTICIZER
Super plasticizer (VARAPLAST PC 100) is used as high
range water retarder.
Super plasticizing action of varaplast pc100 is different
than conventional super plasticizers based on
sulfonated melamine formaldehyde condensate,
sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate
which create electrostatic repulsion of particles.
Varaplast pc 100 is free from chlorides and complies
with ASTM C494 G (retarding super plasticizer).
 HRWR CONTD
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Calcium chloride content: Nil
Specific gravity: 1.08 at 20 C
Air entrainment: Less than 1% additional air is
entrained
Setting time: 1-4 hours retardation depending
on dosage and climatic conditions
Chloride content: Nil
 Commonly used Superplasticizers
Modified Lignosulfonates(MLS).
Sulfonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF)
Sulfonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde(SNF)
Acrylic Polymer based(AP)
Coplymer of Carboxilic Acrylic
Acid with Acrylic Ester(CAE)
Cross Linked Acrylic Ploymer(CLAP)
Polycarboxylatethers(PCE)
Multicarboxylatethers(MCE)
Polyacrylates
 VISCOSITY MODIFYING
ADMIXTURE (VMA)
VMA is an admixture used for enhancing the
viscosity and rheological properties (flow of
fluids).

Polyethylen glycol and biopolymers are

combined and used as VMA
Flow tests of self compacted concrete

Slum test
U box test

L box test V funnel test

Test result in brief
Limiting test Values
Test Result in Brief
CASE STUDIES
 CASE-STUDIES :-
Current condition on application of self compacting concrete
in Japan:
After the development of the prototype of self-compacting
concrete at the University of Tokyo, intensive research
was begun in many places, especially in the research
institutes of large construction companies. As a result,
self-compacting concrete has been used in many practical
structures.
The first application of self-compacting concrete was in a
building in June 1990. Self-compacting concrete was then
used in the towers of a prestressed concrete cable-stayed
Shin-Kiba Ohashi bridge in 1991. Lightweight self-
compacting concrete was used in the main girder of a
cable-stayed bridge in 1992.
1.Shin-Kiba Ohashi bridge in 1991 in
Tokyo :
 Case study continued.
The use of self-compacting concrete in actual structures
has gradually increased. Self-compacting concrete has
been successfully used in France, Denmark,
Netherlands,Germany,USA and UK, apart from Japan.
A typical application example of Self-compacting
concrete is the two anchorages of Akashi-Kaikyo (Straits)
Bridge opened in April 1998, a suspension bridge with the
longest span in the world (1,991 meters) . The volume of
the cast concrete in the two ahchorages amounted to
290,000 m3.
2.Akashi-Kaikyo suspension bridge in Japan
 Case study continued.
Self-compacting concrete was used for the wall of a
large LNG tank belonging to the Osaka Gas
Company, whose concrete casting was completed in
June 1998.
The volume of the self compacting concrete used in
the tank amounted to 12,000 m3. The adoption of
self-compacting concrete means that ,
(1) the number of lots decreases from 14 to 10, as the
height of one lot of concrete casting was increased.
(2) the number of concrete workers was reduced from
150 to 50.
(3) the construction period of the structure decreased
from 22 months to18 months.
3.LNG tank belonging to the Osaka Gas
Company, Japan:
4.SCC for Rafts & Retaining Walls for Kesar
Solitaire,Navi Mumbai :
4.SCC for Rafts & Retaining Walls for Kesar
Solitaire,Navi Mumbai
The Kesar Solitaire is a prestigious project being
developed by M/s. Kesar Group, when completed
would be a landmark on the Palm Beach Road in
Navi Mumbai. This commercial complex is situated
just next to the creek and the water table is about 1
meter below the ground. On examining the water, it
was found to be highly saline and the chloride
content in water was more than 7000 ppm. Another
issue at the site was the upcoming monsoons, the
basement needed to be completed before the start of
the monsoons, which otherwise would have flooded
the site. It was therefore decided to go for an M 40
grade SCC for the triple basement structure, which
was 10 meters below the ground level.
 continued.
The SCC mix was designed with Corniche
SF brand Silica Fume to take care of the
chloride ion permeability of the structure due
to the saline water table. An RCPT value of
less than 1000 coulombs according to ASTM
C 1202 and water permeability of max 50 mm
according to DIN 1048 was specified, so as
to ensure the durability of the raft concrete.
The mix actually contained higher binder
content and therefore the water demand was
high. To ensure thorough dispersion of silica
fume and fly ash, a PCE based admixture
was used.
 continued.
The thickness of the wall was 300 mm and
after erecting the form work it was a
challenge by itself to place and vibrate the
concrete. It was therefore decided to use M
40 grade SCC so that even 3 meter pour
(free fall) of concrete is possible. The use of
SCC in retaining walls actually helped in
achieving a homogeneous concrete void of
any honey combs. The strengths achieved
were more than 50 MPa at 28 days as the
water binder ratio was maintained at 0.33
 The mix design and the strengths achieved
are given here:
Materials Kgs/M3
OPC 53 grade 400
Fly ash 175
"Comiche SF" silica fume 20
Binder 595
20mm Agg 334
10mm Agg 413
River Sand 396
Crusher dust 432
Water 196
Glenium sky 584 0.80%
Glenium stream 2 0.15%
W/c Ratio 0.33
Slump flow after 60 min 650 min
v Funnel after 60 min 10 seconds
3 Days 27 Mpa
7 Days 42MPa
28 Days 54MPa
 INDIAN SCENARIO OF SCC
Current Indian scenario in construction shows increased
construction of large and complex structures, which often
leads to difficult concreting conditions.
In India, during last few years, attempts were made in
the laboratories and in the field to develop and use SCC.
Some efforts have been made in Delhi Metro Projects in
association with L&T a large scale SCC for dome
construction and tunnel lining, column casting, etc, are
used to attain 35 MPa strength.
The knowledge of SCC has moved from domain of
research to application. But in India, this knowledge is to
be widespread.
EXAMPLE FOR SCC STRUCTURES

TUNNEL LINING DMRL

EXAMPLE FOR SCC STRUCTURES

DOME CONSTRUCTION IN CENTRAL STATION IN

DELHI
Different Codes used For SCC
Annexure J of IS 456 as Amendment no 3.
BS EN 206-9:2010
EN 197-1 Cement-Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria
EN 206-1 Concrete Specification, performance,
production, and conformity
EN 450 Fly ash for concrete Definitions, requirements
and quality control
EN 934-2 Admixtures for concrete Definitions and
requirements
EN 1008 Mixing water for concrete
EN 12350-1 Testing fresh concrete: Part 1: Sampling
EN 12350-2 Testing fresh concrete: Part 2: Slump test
EN 12620 Aggregates for concrete
 CONCLUSION
A new technology for eliminating vibrators in heavy
structure where vibration is impossible.
We conducted different fresh concrete test and also
conducted hardened concrete test.
Adding viscosity modifying admixture (polyethylene
glycol) and fly ash combination is very much suitable
for self compaction is high strength concrete.
Advantage with respect to sound pollution.
Ideal for concrete parts with complicated shapes and
elements with high quality visible concrete.