AXILLA & ARM

1. TRUE ABOUT AXILLA EXCEPT

A. Pyramidal shaped cavity lying beneath the skin of

the armpit
B. Apex: Directed to the root of the Cervical region
C. Base, is bounded in front by the upper border of
the pectoralis major muscle)
D.Posteriorly byUpper scapula
E.Medially by Outer border of 1st rib
F. NOTA
2-5. MUSCLES FLEX THE
GLENOHUMERAL JOINTS
6. AXILLARY ARTERY BECOME
BRACHIAL ARTERY AT THE LEVEL OF?
7-8. ORIGIN & ACTION OF MEDIAL
HEAD OF TRICEPS
9. LARGEST BRANCH OF BRACHIAL
ARTERY
10-11. MUSCLES EXTENDS THE
GLENOHUMERAL JOINTS
 12. NERVE ROOT OF
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
13.BASILIC VEIN PIERCES THE FASCIA OF
THE TERES MAJOR TO JOIN
_______________________TO FORM
AXILLARY VEIN
14. INSERTION OF BICEP BRACHII TO
RADIA TUBEROSITY VIA?
15. STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH
THE SPIRAL GROOVE
CUBITAL & FOREARM
REGION
ALJON S. ASUNCION,PTRP
 I. BONES

1. HUMERUS
Capitulum articulate to the
head of radius and trochlea to
the to the trochlear notch of
ulna to form Elbow joints
Extensor muscles arises chiefly
from the lateral epicondyle while
flexor muscle group from medial
epicondyle
2. RADIUS
Lateral bone of the
forearm; It has on its
proximal end a head, neck
and bicipital or radial
tuberosity
Distally, it has a ulnar notch
that articulates with the
head of ulna; a dorsal
tubercle (of Lisster) &
Styloid process
Distal end of radius
articulates to the carpal
bones to form wrist joints
3. ULNA
Medial bone of the forearm;
It has on its proximal end a
Trochlea or Semilunar notch,
a Coronoid process
anteriorly, Olecranon
process posteriorly and a
radial notch laterally
A radial notch articulates to
the head of radius to form
Superior or Proximal
Radioulnar joints
Distally, its head
articulates to the ulnar
notch of radius to form
Inferior or Distal
Radioulnar joints
 II. CUBITAL FOSSA

is a triangular hollow area on the

anterior surface of the elbow joints
Boundaries :
Superior: Imaginary line connecting
the Medial & Lateral epicondyle
Medially: Pronator teres
Laterally: Brachioradialis
Floor: Brachialis & Supinator
Roof: Deep fascia with bicipital
aponeurosis
II. CUBITAL FOSSA

Content:
1 Bicep brachii tendon
2. Brachial artery and its
terminal branch
3. Brachial vein
4. Median nerve
5. Radial nerve
 III. CUTANEOUS INNERVATION

Laterally: Lateral
antebrachial cutaneous
nerve from
musculocutaneous nerve
Medially: Medial
antebrachial cutaneous
nerve from medial cord of
brachial plexus
IV. JOINTS

1. Elbow complex
I. Ulnohumeral joints
Between the trochlea of
humerus & trochlear notch
Types of joints: Hinge joints
I. Radiohumeral joints
Between the capitulum of
humerus & Head of radius
Types of joints: Hinge joints
IV. JOINTS

III. Superior radioulnar joints

Articulation: Between the
circumference of the head
of the radius and the anular
ligament and the radial
notch on the ulna Type:
Synovial pivot joint Capsule:
The capsule encloses the
joint and is continuous with
that of the elbow joint.
V. LIGAMENTS

Medial Collateral
Ligament: Sometimes known as the
Ulnar Collateral Ligament and
consists of two triangular bands,
anterior and posterior. Both sections
arise from the Medial Epicondyle and
pass over the inside of the elbow
joint. The anterior portion then
attaches to the front part of the top
of the Ulna, known as the Coronoid
process and the posterior part to the
back of the Ulna, or Olecranon
process.
Resist valgus stress
V. LIGAMENTS

Lateral Collateral
Ligament: Sometimes known as the
Radial Collateral Ligament and is a
short, narrow band which passes
from the base of the Lateral
Epicondlye to the Annular
Ligament.
Resist Varus stress
V. LIGAMENTS

Annular Ligament: This is a

band of fibres which circle the
head of the Radius,
maintaining contact between
the Radius and Humerus
 VI. BLOOD SUPPLY

A. Ulnar artery
Larger of the two terminal
braches of brachial artery
Begin in the cubital fossa at the
level of the neck of radius
Proximally it lies deep to most
flexor muscles and distally
become superficial lies
between the flexor carpi ulnaris
& flexor digitorum superficialis
VI. BLOOD SUPPLY

B. Radial artery
Smaller of the two terminal
braches of brachial artery
Begin in the cubital fossa at the
level of the neck of radius
Passes downward and laterally
beneath the brachioradialis
VII. NERVE SUPPLY
1. Median Nerve
The median nerve leaves the
cubital fossa by passing
between the two heads of the
pronator teres It continues
downward behind the flexor
digitorum superficialis and rests
posteriorly on the flexor
digitorum profundus
The anterior interosseous nerve
arises from the median nerve as
it emerges from between the
two heads of the pronator teres.
It passes downward on the
anterior surface of the
interosseous membrane,
between the flexor pollicis
longus and the flexor digitorum
profundus
VII. NERVE SUPPLY
2. Ulnar nerve
The ulnar nervepasses from behind
the medial epicondyle of the
humerus, crosses the medial
ligament of the elbow joint, and
enters the front of the forearm by
passing between the two heads of
the flexor carpi ulnaris. It then runs
down the forearm between the
flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor
digitorum profundus muscles. In the
distal two thirds of the forearm, the
ulnar artery lies on the lateral side
of the ulnar nerve
VII. NERVE SUPPLY
3. Radial nerve
pierces the lateral intermuscular
septum in the lower part of the
arm and passes forward into the
cubital fossa . It then passes
downward in front of the lateral
epicondyle of the humerus, lying
between the brachialis on the
medial side and the
brachioradialis and extensor
carpi radialis longus on the lateral
side . At the level of the lateral
epicondyle, it divides into
superficial and deep branches.
Two branch the superficial &
deep branch of radial nerve
MUSCLES OF FOREARM
ALJON S. ASUNCION,PTRP
 ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT
OF THE FOREARM
Muscles:
Superficial group, consisting of the pronator teres, the
flexor carpi radialis, the palmaris longus, and the
flexor carpi ulnaris;
Intermediate group consisting of the flexor digitorum
superficialis;
Deep group consisting of the flexor pollicis longus, the
flexor digitorum profundus, and the pronator
quadratus
ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF
THE FOREARM
Blood supply to the muscles: Ulnar and radial arteries
Nerve supply to the muscles: All the muscles are
supplied by the median nerve and its branches,
except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of
the flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by
the ulnar nerve.
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

1.pronator teres

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

2. flexor carpi radialis

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

3. Palmaris longus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

4. Flexor carpi ulnaris

O:
I:
N:
A:
 II. INTERMEDIATE GROUP

1. Flexor digitorum
superficialis

O:
I:
N:
A:
 II. DEEP GROUP

1.Flexor pollicis longus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 II. DEEP GROUP

2.Flexor digitorum
profundus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 II. DEEP GROUP

3. Pronator
quadratus

O:
I:
N:
A:
LATERAL FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF
THE FOREARM
Muscles: Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis
longus
Blood supply: Radial and brachial arteries
Nerve supply to the muscles: Radial nerve
1. Brachioradialis

O:
I:
N:
A:
2. Extensor carpi radialis
longus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT
OF THE FOREARM
Muscles:
The superficial group includes the extensor carpi
radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti
minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and anconeus. These
muscles possess a common tendon of origin, which is
attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
The deep group includes the supinator, abductor
pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis
longus, and extensor indicis.
 POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT
OF THE FOREARM

Blood supply: Posterior and anterior interosseous

arteries
Nerve supply to the muscles: Deep branch of the
radial nerve
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

1.Extensor carpi
radialis brevis

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

2. Extensor digitorum

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

3. Extensor digiti
minimi

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

4.Extensor carpi
ulnaris

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. SUPERFICIAL GROUP

5. Anconeus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. DEEP GROUP

1. Supinator

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. DEEP GROUP

2. Abductor pollicis longus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. DEEP GROUP

3. Extensor pollicis
brevis

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. DEEP GROUP

4. Extensor pollicis
longus

O:
I:
N:
A:
 I. DEEP GROUP

5. Extensor indicis

O:
I:
N:
A: