By-

Mr. Darade Nitin L.

Mr. Naik Pratik A.
Mr. Kapadnis Amit K.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Government Polytechnic, Nashik

Colourless, Tasteless, Odourless gas.

It has freezing point of -78.6C or -109.3F.

Sublimates at atmospheric pressure without going through a

liquid phase.

Non-poisonous, Harmless Gas.

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1930 solid phase CO2

1945 U. S. Navy

1963 Reginald Lindall

1972 Edwin Rice

1980 industrial market

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 Dry Ice Blasting is a cleaning process using solid CO2 pellets as a blast
medium.

It utilizes a unique combination of forces to powerfully lift surface

contaminants.

Uses compressed air.

Optimized air supply of 80 Psi.

It uses Dry ice, at -78.6C or -109.3F.

Eco-friendly.

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1. Liquefying CO2 under pressure.

2. Allowing it for rapid expansion.

3. Forms CO2 snow.

4. Pellet formation.

5.Produces sugar crystal sized granules. Basic Pelletization Process

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 Blaster

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 Works on Principle of Agglomeration.

Pressurized liquid CO2 is Throttled & converted into CO2 snow then converted in
to Pellets by pressing & propelled with compressed air on surface.

Returns to the atmosphere as CO2 gas. No Residue.

Compressed air is used as propellant. Pellets are accelerated to more than 492 ft/s

Principle of The Agglomeration

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 Dry ice pellets impact on the contaminated surface, causing the dirt to go brittle
by absorbing heat. Then penetrated in cracks. thus converted in the dirt.

Then the Sublimation of the pellets occurs at point of application, expand there,
converted in dirt & blasts away the dirt without leaving residue.

Various Steps of Dry Ice Cleaning Process

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1. Pellet Kinetic Energy

The kinetic effect produce on surface

is less as solid CO2 pellets is soft.

Delivery system achieves the greatest

impact.

Instantaneous change in phase.

Pellet Kinetic Energy

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2. Thermal Shock Effect
Instantaneous sublimation takes
place upon impact.

Upper layer losses elasticity because

of heat transfer. Become brittle and
shrinks.

Micro-Cracking takes place .

Thermal shock induces micro-cracking
in the surface coating

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3. Thermal Kinetic Effect

The gas expands to nearly 800 times

the volume of the pellet.

"Micro-explosion" at the point of

impact.

CO2 gas expansion and

Results in removal of the removal of coating particles
contaminant.

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 Dry Ice Blasting Parameters
Coated specimen 60 cm per min.

Rusted specimen 14 cm per min.

Optimum distance 10 220 mm

Blasting pressure 80 psi

Dry ice mass flow rate 60 kg/h

Blasting distance 220 mm

Angle of attack 78

Dry ice pellet 3mm (standard blasting size)

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 Types

Single Hose

Two Hose

Two-hose ejector nozzles have higher efficiency compared to single hose

convergent divergent supersonic nozzles.

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Blasting Cleaning Waste or Electrically Performance
Abrasive Toxic
Technique Disposal Conductive Comparison

Dry Ice No No No No Excellent

Sand Yes Yes No No OK

Glass Beads Yes Yes No No OK

Walnut Shells Yes Yes No No Limited

Steam No No No Yes Poor

Solvents Yes No Yes Yes Limited

Dry ice blast cleaning offers comprehensive cleaning benefits over traditional
methods, and can save you up to 80% over current cleaning costs.

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 BEFORE AFTER

Wooden Parts

Machine Parts

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 Molded Products

The Food Industry

Miscellaneous
Cleaning Conveyor Components, Hoppers, Fixtures.
Cleaning Car Carriers.
Removing weld slag from Robotics.
Removing Oils and Grease from chains, machinery.
Removing Adhesives.
Dies cleaning etc.

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 Some of the Dry-Ice Blasting Users

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 Faster and more cleaning.

Decreased downtime.

Elimination of equipment damage.

Reductions in waste disposal.

Increased safety.

Improved productivity.

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 Noisy process

Handling difficulty

Setup size

Expensive machine setup

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It Can Be Useful In Following Industries In Future:

Paint & Printing Industries.

Manufacturing, Moulding, Rubber Industries.

Bakeries & food industries.

Automotive industries.

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 Electrical industry.

Can be used for -

Carbon removal.
Glue removal.
Rust removal.
Oil removal.
Grease removal.

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 Favoured for environment as well as production.

Superior than other types of cleaning methods for numerous reasons.

Better future scope.

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[1] Elisha Devasahayam., J. N. V. Chandra Sekhar., Dry Ice Blasting. Proceedings of National Conference on
Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Mech. Dept., NITTTR, CHANDIGARH, 2005.

[2] The Production Engineering Research Association of Great Britain (PERA), Cold Jet hermal and
Surface Cleaning Characteristics, June 1988.

[3] James A. Snide, CO2 Pellet CleaningA Preliminary Evaluation, Materials &Process Associates, Inc.,
October 12, 1992.

[4] Sherman, R., Grob, J., Whitlock, W. (1991). Dry Surface Cleaning with CO2 Snow. Journal of Vacuum
Science Technology, B9-(4) pp. 1970-77.

[5] The Production Engineering Research Association of Great Britain (PERA), Cold Jet Thermal and
Surface Cleaning Characteristics, June 1988.

[6] James A. Snide, CO2 Pellet CleaningA Preliminary Evaluation, Materials & Process Associates, Inc.,
October 12, 1992.

[7] Uhlmann, E., El Mernissi, A., Dittberner, J., Athen, 2004, Dry Ice Blasting and Laser for Cleaning, Process
Optimization and Application, Proc. IFAC-MIM Conference on Manufacturing, Modelling, Management
and Control.

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