ON

VISAKHAPATNAM

Presented By :
B.MEENAKSHI SRAVANI
(13131A0410)
IVth year , ECE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and History
Building Blocks of radio station
Types of radio station
Broadcast studio
100KW AM Transmitter
Antenna
10 KW FM Transmitter
FM Antenna and feeder cable
 Radio is the transmission of signals by
modulation of electromagnetic waves with
frequencies below those of visible light.
Radio is based on wireless communication
or satellite communication.
In this era of technology due to need of
wireless communication, A national
service was planned and developed by the
Prasar Bharati Broadcasting Corporation
of India.
 The first license granted for transmitting a broadcast was given
on February 23, 1922. The Radio Club of Calcutta was the first
radio club to start functioning in Nov-1924
The Government run broadcasting set up was called the India
State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) which is then turned into AIR
(All India Radio) in June 1936.
The introduction of the commercial channel Vividh Bharati in
October 1957 increased the interest and popularity of radio.
AIR today has a network of 232 broadcasting centres with 149
medium frequency(MW), 54 high frequency (SW) and 171
FM transmitters. The coverage is 91.79% of the area
serving 99.14% of the people.
BUILDING BLOCKS OF RADIO
STATION
Studio
Transmitter
Receiver
Transmitting
A radio wave carries information signal; Signals are converted into
electrical signals. A carrier wave is then produced from the
modulation. The wave is then amplified, and sent to the antenna that
then converts signal into an E.M. wave.
Receiving Reception
An antenna on receiving the signal send Modulation
Amplification Demodulation
it to the receiver this then converts the Amplification
electrical signal sends it to the amplifier
either a speaker/headphones jack this is Transmission
then converted into a
sound wave.
Types of Radio Station
Co-sited: Studio and Transmitter at the same place
STUDIO--TRANSMITTER

Non Co-sited: Studio and Transmitter at different

places

STUDIO STL TRANSMITTER

BROADCAST STUDIO
DUBBING
MUSIC
STUDIO
STUDIO

CONTROL TALK
ROOM STUDIO
DRAMA
STUDIO

TRANSMISSION
STUDIO
ANNOUNCER MIKE TRANSMISSION CONSOLE SWITCHING CONSOLE

STL

TRANSMITTER

FEEDER LINE

ANTENNA RADIO

LISTENER
SWITCHING CONSOLE
ANALOG CONSOLE DIGITAL CONSOLE
CONTROL ROOM
Switching of different sources for transmission like News, O.Bs other satellite
based relays, live broadcast from recording studio.
Level equalization and level control.
Quality monitoring.
Signaling to the source location.
Communication link between control room and different studios.
100KW AM TRANSMITTER
COMPONENTS:
Radio Frequency Section

Audio Frequency Section

Control And Instrumentation

Cooling And Ventilation

Power Supply System

 100kW MW Transmitter

Filter
Oscillator TRPA Driver PA
network

Audio Filter Pre amp Corrector AF Driver Mod Mo

ator Mod Tr

Control Cooling Power

Supervision DC Supplies distribution
Ventilation
RF STAGES
Crystal oscillator
Buffer
Intermediate power
amplifier
Exciter
Power amplifier
AF STAGES
High pass filter
AF-Pre amplifier
AF-Pre corrector
AF Driver
Modulators
Push Pull modulator
Tetrodes
Ceramic
Water cooled
11kV DC
CONTROL AND VENTILATION
CONTROL AND
INSTRUMENTATION
Monitors various transmitter
parameters
Sequences the switching on/off
of various stages
Ensures safety of personnel and
equipment
Gives warning in alarming
situations and switches off when
required
Displays transmitter parameters
Digital logic/microprocessor
circuits
COOLING AND VENTILATION
High power transmitters are
cooled by air/water
Distilled water of low
conductivity is used for HT stages
Hyper vapor-tron and condensed
vapor cooling technique
Low pressure and High pressure
fans
Heat exchangers for cooling hot
water
Power supplies
Consists of HT and LT
power supplies
Depends on tube and
power DC HT supply will
be between 5 to 11kV
Conventional thyristor
controlled rectifiers and
filters are used for HT
LT is derived separately
for each stages
-ve supply for control grids
+ve for Screen and plate
AMPLIFIERS
Audio amplifiers

Power amplifiers: A power amplifier is designated

as the last amplifier in a transmission chain
(the output stage) and is the amplifier stage that
typically requires most attention to power efficiency
Peak clippers
MODULATORS

AM MODULATION:
Amplitude
modulation ranges
from 535 to 1705
kilohertz (OR) Up to
1200 Bits per second
FM MODULATION:
Frequency modulation
occurs
on VHF airwaves in
the frequency range of
88 to 108 MHz or
1200 to 2400 bits per
second.
ANTENNA

Converts electrical power into

radio waves and vice versa
Matching the mw antenna to the
feeder cable
Impedance matching

MEDIUM WAVE ANTENNA ISOLATED FROM GROUND

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 10KW FM
TRANSMITTER
FM ANTENNA AND FEEDER CABLE
SYSTEM
Supporting tower
Main antenna
Feeder cable
CONCLUSION
This presentation consists of an overview on AM
Transmitters, FM Transmitters in the radio
broadcasting.
The equipment present in ALL INDIA RADIO at
Visakhapatnam are control room, console, antenna,
feeder cables, talk studio, music studio, dubbing room,
conference studio are discussed and studied in detail
about their working.
The antennas and feeder cable determine the efficiency
of transmission of radio signal. The AM Transmitter is
of 100KW Transmitter and FM is of 10KW
Transmitter.
THANK YOU
ANY QUIERIES ?