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STOICHIOMETRY
Chemical Stoichiometry
-- PROTONS neutron
-- NEUTRONS proton
Particles 1 mole
Of substance X 6.022 x 1023 particles = moles
Particles of Avogadros Moles of
substance Number substance
Grams of 1 mole
substance X
Molar mass of substance = moles
Grams of Molar Moles of
substance mass substance
Moles of X Formula subscript, atoms
substance = Moles of element
1 mole of compound
formula Moles of element
Moles of
compound subscript In compound
Determine the mass in grams of the following:
Chemical Formulas
* definite proportions of atoms to each other,
* calculation of formula mass
(also called formula weight, f.w.
or molecular weight, m.w.,
or molar mass)
* percent (%) composition
* empirical formulas
* molecular formulas
ALL OF THESE FORMULAS USE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Percent Composition
11169
.
mass % Fe 100% 69.94%
159.69
Determining the
Formula of a
Compound
EMPIRICAL and MOLECULAR FORMULAS
Reactants:
substances present before reaction starts.
(written on the left side)
Products:
substances produced by chemical reaction.
(written on the right side)
Chemical Equation
A written statement using symbols and formulas to
describe a chemical reaction.
OR, it is... Chemists shorthand like:
algebra to mathematicians
recipes to a chef
acronyms to the military
computer jargon
Format:
1. Reactants on left, before reaction occurs.
2. Products on right, after reaction occurs.
3. Arrow points to products and means: goes to, produces,forms,
reacts to give.
4. + sign used between different reactants and products.
Requirements:
1. Must be consistent with experimental facts.
2. Obeys conservation of mass.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Or:
In a chemical reaction,
Total mass, reactants = total mass, products.
SYMBOLS USED IN EQUATIONS
Symbol Meaning
(essential ones)
to produce, goes to,
forms, reacts to give
+ reacts with, and, plus
(optional ones)
(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous solution
(dissolved in water)
Information Conveyed by the Balanced Equation
for the Combustion of Methane
Reactants Products
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
DIVIDE BY MW
MOLE
X 6.023 X 10 23
MOLECULES
X # ATOMS
ATOMS
EQUATIONS AND THE MOLE CONCEPT
Coefficients give the numerical relationships among formula units consumed and/or
produced in a chemical reaction.
P4O10 + 6 H2 O 4 H3PO4
Molar Molar
mass mass
Grams of Grams of
A B
STOICHIOMETRY
Stoichiometry is the relationship of quantities of reactants
consumed and products made in all chemical reaction.
Mole
A mole is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon
12.