SYNTHESIS QUALITATIVE

ANALYSIS OF SALTS

Describe tests for the identification

of gases.
Describe the action of heat on
salts.
Describe the tests for anions. NEXT
TEST FOR GASES
Gases releases when chemical
compound are :
Heated
React with low and high concentration
of acid

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 TEST FOR GASES
Gases Colour Smell Cause Test for
gases for gases
damp
litmus
paper
O2 - - -

H2 - - -

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Oxygen Hydrogen
Gases Colour Smell Cause Test for
gases for gases
damp
litmus
paper
CO2 - - blue to
red

NO2 Blue to
red

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Carbon dioxide Ammonia
Gases Colour Smell Cause gases for Test for
damp litmus gases
paper
NH3 - Odour Red to blue

CI2 Yellow- Odour Blue to red

green
HCI - Odour Blue to red

SO2 - Odour Blue to red

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Action of heat on salts
When the salts are heated,
these changes occur :-
Changes of colour
Gases releases
Decompose of salt
produced metal oxide as a
heat balance.

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CHANGES OF COLOUR TO SHOW THE
PRODUCT OF METAL OXIDE
Colour of Colour of Product of Cation on
salt heated metal oxide salt
product
White Heat-Yellow ZnO Zn 2+
Cool-White
White Heat-Brown PbO Pb 2+
Cool-Yellow
Blue/green Black CuO Cu 2+

Green/Yellow Brown Fe2O3 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+

 ACTION OF HEAT ON SALTS
Ammonia
Releases gases when heated
NH4NO3 NH3 +HNO3
Carbonate
Allcarbonate except potassium and sodium
carbonate release CO2 when heated.
CuCO3 CuO + CO2

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ACTION OF HEAT ON SALTS
SULPHATE SALTS
Usually not decompose by heat but some
will decompose.
Example of decompose sulphate salts:

i. Ferum (II) sulphate

FeSO4.7H2O FeSO4 + 7H2O
ii. Zinc sulphate, ferum(III)sulphate and
cuprum sulphate
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 ZnSO4 ZnO + SO3
Fe(SO4) Fe2O3 + 3SO3
CuSO4 CuO + SO3
Ammonia sulphate
(NH4)2SO4 2NH3 + H2SO4

CHLORIDE SALTS
Almost all chloride salts are stable except
ammonium chloride. It will decomposes
into ammonia gases and hydrogen
chloride
NH4CI NH3 + HCI
NITRATE
All nitrate will compose when
heated and example
2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2

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TEST FOR ANION
Test to identify anion
bases for gases
releases when
Heat of solid
Solid or solution mix
with acid
Chemical test for
aquoues solution
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TEST FOR ANION
Anion HCI or HNO3 Solution of
Pb(NO3)

CO3 Efferrescence of White

gas that bleach precipitate
lime water produce dissolve in
CO2 nitric acid
Anion HNO3 Other Solution
followed by test of
AgNO3 Pb(NO3)

CI White Solid + White

precipitate MnO2+ precipitate
H2SO4 dissolve in
heated & hot water
produce
CI2
Anion HCI or Solution of
HNO3 follow Pb(NO3)
by BaCI or
Ba(NO3)2
SO4 White White
precipitate precipitate.
Not dissolve in
nitric acid
 Anion Other test Solution of
Pb(NO3)

NO3 Salt + produce brown

H2SO4 ring
FeSO4
H2SO4
CARBONAT SALT
NITRATE SALTS