Structures

Parallel Arrays
Inventory
One array keeps track of cost
One array keeps track of number in inventory

What if there were many parallel items to

keep track of?
Would you want to keep track of 10, 20, 30
parallel arrays? Why not?
 Structures
Group many record items into one element

Inventory:
Item Name: Shirt
Item Number: 1232
Cost: $20.00
Num in Inventory: 10
 Structures
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int number;
double cost;
int num_in_inventory;
} inventory_item_t;
 Structures
typedef struct {
type name;

type name;
} struct_type;

goes after #include and #define not inside of main

type can be another structure data type
typedef struct {
char first[20];
char last[20];
} name_t;
typedef struct {
name_t name;
int id;
} student_t;
 Declaring and Initializing
typedef does not allocate any memory

inventory_item_t shirts;

.name

.number
.cost
.num_in_inventory
 Declaring and Initializing
shirts.number = 1232;
shirts.cost = 20.00;
shirts.num_in_inventory = 10;
//name???
.name

1232
.number
20.00
.cost
10
.num_in_inventory
 Declaring and Initializing
shirts.number = 1232;
shirts.cost = 20.00;
shirts.num_in_inventory = 10;
strcpy(shirts.name, Shirt);
.name

1232
.number
20.00
.cost
10
.num_in_inventory
 Accessing
Print There are 10 of item: shirt left in the
inventory.
 Accessing
Print There are 10 of item: shirt left in the
inventory.

printf(There are %d of item: %s left in the inventory,

shirts.num_in_inventory, shirts.name);
 Structures and Functions
Write a function to print all information
about an inventory item
 Structures and Functions
Write a function to print all information about an
inventory item

void print_item(inventory_item_t item) {

printf(Item: %s\n, item.name);
printf(Item Number: %d\n, item.number);
printf(Cost: %lf\n, item.cost);
printf(Number Remaining: %d\n, item.num_in_inventory);
}
 Structures and Functions
Call the function

inventory_item_t shirts;

print_item(shirts);
 Structures as Output Parameters
Write a function to sell an item by
deducting 1 from the number of the item
left in the inventory
Return 1 if the sell was successful 0
otherwise
How would we call this function?
 Structures as Output Parameters
How would we call this function?

inventory_item_t shirts;

sell_item(shirts); //OK?
 Structures as Output Parameters
How would we call this function?

inventory_item_t shirts;
int sell_ok;

sell_ok = sell_item(&shirts);
if(sell_ok) {
printf(Item sold\n);
} else {
printf(Problem encountered! Item not sold.\n);
}
 Structures as Output Parameters

int sell_item(inventory_item_t *to_sell) {

int sell_ok;
if((*to_sell).num_in_inventory > 0) {
//(*to_sell) is important!
(*to_sell).num_in_inventory = (*to_sell).num_in_inventory 1;
sell_ok = 1;
} else {
sell_ok = 0;
}
return (sell_ok);
}
 Component Selection Operator
(*to_sell).num_in_inventory is the same as
to_sell->num_in_inventory

int sell_item(inventory_item_t *to_sell) {

int sell_ok;
if(to_sell->num_in_inventory > 0) {
to_sell->num_in_inventory = to_sell->num_in_inventory 1;
sell_ok = 1;
} else {
sell_ok = 0;
}
return (sell_ok);
}
 Returning a Structure
inventory_item_t getItem() {
inventory_item_t new_item;
printf(Enter name:);
scanf(%s, new_item.name);
printf(Enter number:);
scanf(%d, &new_item.number);
printf(Enter cost:);
scanf(%lf, &new_item.cost):
printf(Enter number in inventory:);
scanf(%d, %new_item.num_in_inventory);
return (new_item);
}
 Arrays of Structures
inventory_item_t items[20];

Access the name of item 5

 Arrays of Structures
inventory_item_t items[20];

Access the name of item 5

items[4].name;
items[4].num_in_inventory = items[4].num_in_inventory 1;
items[5].cost = 105.99;
scan_item(&items[10);