By: Shum H. Y.

Causes & Symptoms

Transmission
Roles of social, economic and biological
prevention of Dengue
 Causes & Symptoms
-dengue virus, Flavivirus (Flavivirus DEN-1,
Flavivirus Den-2, Flavivirus Den-3, Flavivirus
Den-4)
-Single-stranded RNA
-belong to the family Flaviviridae
The dengue virus attaches to the surface of a host
cell and enters the cell by a process called
endocytosis. Once deep inside the cell, the virus
fuses with the endosomal membrane and is
released into the cytoplasm. The virus particle
comes apart, releasing the viral genome.
 Virus trigger plasma leakage from
lymphatic vessels
Dengue fever (DF) > Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Platelet level falls, blood plasma leaks
into tissue spaces, bleeding occurs
DHF > Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
Circulator failure, weak pulse, severe
pains, multiple organ failure, death
Develop DHF & DSS after 2-8 days after
high fever phase
 DHF
-Bleeding (gums & nose)
-blood plasma leakage
-low levels of platlets
-weak pulse & hypotension (low blood
pressure)
-persistent vomiting
 DSS
-All symptoms of DDF & DHF
-severe bleeding & leakage from blood
plasma & vessels
-dangerously low blood pressure caused
by blood loss (shock)
-intense stomach pains
-disorientation
-coma or death
 After recovering from dengue fever
-immunity to the strain of infecting virus
only
-risk of developing DHF & DSS
 Through 3 clincal stages:
-Febrile stage
-Critical stage
-Recovery stage
 Febrile stage
-2-7 days & associated to the presence of
the virus in the blood
-When a person is bitten, dengue virus from
Aedes mosquito enters skin & invade WBC
& reprouce inside
-Break out from WBC into blood stream
WBC respond by secreting cytokines &
interferons (responsible for many
symptoms: fever, joint pains & headaches)
 Critical stage
-Virus production inside the body is greatly
increased
-Leakage of plasma from the blood vessels
into body cavities.
-Less blood circulates in blood vessels & blood
pressure falls.
-Organ dysfunction (e.g.: bone marrow, liver)
-Dysfunction of bone marrow, no new platlet
production
-DSS & DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic fever)
occur
 Recovery phase
-Plasma leak stops & reabsorption of the
leaked fluid into bloodstream occurs
-Lasts 2-3 days
Fatigue last for weeks in adults after
recovery
 Through bites of the female Aedes
mosquito, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
Breeds during rainy seasons
Active during early morning & later
Becomes infected with virus when female
mosquitoes takes a blood meal from
human with dengue fever
After 8-10 days, virus spreads to other tissues
including mosquitos salivary glands &
subsequently released to its saliva
 Virus is transmitted into blood stream of
another person when the infected
female mosquito then bites that person
Virus attached to WBC & enters the cell
& multiply inside
Viruses breakout from WBC & released
into blood
Blood is taken up by another female
mosquito & transmitted to another host
Can be transmitted via infected blood
product & organ donation
Vertical transmission (from mother to
child) during pregnancy/birth
 No vaccine available
Eradication of the mosquito population
Water storage must be improved
(containers covered-prevent egg-laying
mosquitoes)
Wear loose, light-coloured clothings
Avoid outdoor activities in the morning and
late afternoon
Breed mosquito larvae-eating fishes in
artificial ponds.
Mesocyclops spp

Gambusia (Mosquitofish)

Guppy fish