FREEDO

M
 ALL ACTIONS
HAVE
CONSEQUENCES
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and
scientist, better known as the teacher of
Alexander the Great. He was a student of
Plato and is considered an important figure in
Western Philosophy
THE POWER OF VOLITION

The imperative quality of a judgment

of practical intellect is meaning less,
apart from will.
This is borne out by:

Our inner awareness of an aptitude to

do right or wrong
The common testimony of all human
beings
The rewards and punishment of rules
The general employment of praise and
blame
For Aristotle, a human
being is rational.
Reason is a divine
characteristics.
 ACTION

REASON
WILL
Saint Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican
friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. He was
an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and
jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is
also known as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor
Communis. The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral
origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio.
Love is freedom

St. Thomas Aquinas considers

the human being as a moral
agent.
FOURFOLD CLASSIFICATION OF LAW

1. ETERNAL LAW
2. NATURAL LAW
3. HUMAN LAW
4. DIVINE LAW
 ACTIONS
(GOOD OR EVIL)

CONCIENCE

GODS
LOVE
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre or Jean-Paul
Sartre (21 June 1905 15 April 1980) was a French
philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist,
biographer, andliterary critic.
He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of
existentialismandphenomenology, and one of the
leading figures in20th-century French philosophy.
EXISTENTIALISM is a philosophical theory or
approach that emphasizes the existence of
the individual person as a free and
responsible agent determining their own
development through acts of the will.
EXISTENTIALISM STEMS: Existence precedes
essence

The person, first, exist encounters himself

and surges up in the world then defines
himself afterward. The person is nothing else
but that what he makes of himself.

The person is provided with a supreme

opportunity to give meaning to ones life.
 Freedom is therefore, the very core
and the door to authentic existence.

On the other hand, the human

person who tries to escape obligations
and strives to be an ------ excuses
such as I was born this way or I
grew up in a bad environment is
acting on bad faith.
Sartre emphasizes the importance
of free individual choice,
regardless of the power of other
people to influence an coerce our
 Theory of Social Contract
Law of Nature is a precept or general rule
established by reason, by which person is
forbidden to do that which is destructive of his
life.
Thomas Hobbes concludes that we should
seek peace. his first law of nature
Second law of nature the reasonableness of
seeking peace; to lay down this right to all things
for peace building
Third law of nature human beings perform
their covenant made.
Jean Jacques Rousseau

most famous and influential

philosophers of the French
Enlightenment in the 18th
century.
In his book THE SOCIAL
CONTRACT, he elaborated the
theory of HUMAN NATURE.
The EDSA Revolution is one
example of Social Contract.
Absolute Absolute
Monarchy Democracy
PHILOSOPHERS and
Social ContractIndividualism

HOBBES ROUSSEAU
 Sovereign/Ruler
(State)

Freedom
(General will or Mutual
Transferring of Rights)

Citizens
(Individual
Rights)
Hobbes and Rousseau: Political
Freedom
 Evaluate and Exercise
Prudence in Choices
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904
August 18, 1990), was an American
psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor etc.
Skinner maintains that behavior is shaped and
maintained by its consequences.
Operant Conditioning
The second result is practical; the environment
can be manipulated.
 Yelon (1996) behavioral psychology at fault
for having overanalyzed the words REWARD
and PUNISHMENT.

Skinner our struggle for freedom is not due to

a will to be free as for Aristotle, Sartre, but to
certain behavioral processes characteristic of
the human organism.

Control becomes necessary in the issue of

freedom
 John Stuart Mill Liberty consists in doing
what one desires.
Skinner states that when person wants
something, he acts to get it when the
occasion arises.
When behavior is completely determined, it
is better that a person Feels free or
believes that he is free.
 Controllability: We cannot
change genetic defects by
punishment; we can work only
through genetic measures that
operates on a much longer time
scale
Holding on too
tightlyin a soup
will
Skinner concludes that we do
not need to destroy the
environment or escape from it.
What is needed, is to
REDESIGN it.
 Spirituality of Imperfection, learn to
accept that life, our environment, is both
evil and good
Our lives should not be merely
controlled by rewards or
punishments.
The environment plays a significant
part in our lives.
It is true that we did not choose to be
born. And what we can make different,
we are responsible for.
Life is full of Paradoxes; nobody
could nor should control it.
Paradoxes of Life
1. The more you hate a trait in someone
else, the more likely you are avoiding it in
yourself.
2. People who cant trust, cant be
trusted.
3. The more you try to impress people, the
less impressed theyll be.
4. The more you fail, the more likely you
are to succeed.
5. The more something scares you, the more
you should probably do it.
Paradoxes of Life
6. The more afraid you are of death, the
less youll be able to enjoy life.
7. The more you learn, the more you
realize how little you know.
8. The less you care about others, the
less you care about yourself.
9. The more connected we get, the
more isolated we feel.
10. The more youre afraid to fail, the
more likely you are to fail.
ACTIVITY:
How can reason be translated into action?
What is a social contract and how is it reflected
in the People Power (EDSA REVOLUTION)?
Explain Skinner beliefs using simple diagram.
In your view, what consists free choice? Cite
examples in the current situation.
Are you a slave to something (e.g. technology)?
Why or why not?
Activity # 2:
Oral
What did you personally learn from the
following?
a. Sartres claim that we must recognize the moral
choices we make for all humankind and must resist
the urge to escape this responsibility for all
humankind.

b. Hobbes argued that humans are fundamentally

predisposed to selfishness and state of nature.

c. Aristotles belief that freedom is based on

reason.

d. How can Filipino values such as Utang na loob

Assignment/Project:
T-shirt Making Project
Create slogans regarding
freedom
Use the slogan to print on t-
shirts
Donate the t-shirts