Maestra en innovacin y administracin

de la tecnologa

Materia: Ingeniera y administracin de proyectos.

Alumno: Jesus Santiago Alejandro de la Cruz

Martes 23 de agosto de 2017

EMERGING CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES AND THE
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM
The CII Technology Survey Task Force was formed to examine emerging technologies
and make them more widely known to industry. The task force objectives were:
1. Identify innovations and emerging technologies, particularly in fields of
construction that could provide a high payoff
2. Develop computer software to store information on construction technologies
and provide methods for searching electronic databases for such technologies
3. Promote the establishment of a capability for the continued identification of
emerging technologies and the maintenance of the data and software system.
Concrete and Steel Structural
Construction
The concrete construction industry is highly fragmented, being composed of many
players supplying many constituent products, accessories, and subcontracted
services. The concrete construction process involves many components. The concrete
mixture itself can be designed to project-specific needs and has the opportunity for
being impacted by cement, admixture, and testing advances. Formwork can be 50
percent of the total concrete structure cost, thus developments in this area have
major implications. Delivery, handling, placing, finishing, and curing of concrete have
substantial impact upon the quality of the finished product.
The steel construction process involves comparatively fewer components.
Nevertheless, significant field operations remain, such as erection, field connections,
field painting, and so forth, with opportunities for technology improvement.
Concrete TechnologyCurrent
Three developments stand out in terms of impact.
1. The introduction of superplasticizer admixtures has significantly improved the placement
process resulting in a better product
2. Concrete pumping equipment and understanding of mix designs for pumping has
revolutionized concrete placement.
3. Flying forms and gang forms have made many forming operations in repetitive structures
less expensive.

When these three technologies were combined, the result was a shift in the economical
system for many building structures to the resurgence of the Flat Plate floor system.
Concrete Technology Future Trends
High full-cure strength (concretes over 15,000 psi strength).
High early strength (2,000 psi in 4 hours or 5,000 psi in 24 hours in field applications)
Silica fume and other cement replacements and additives.
Improved durability for longer lasting infrastructure needs.
Reinforcing materials for improved corrosion resistance and to facilitate placement.
Epoxy-coated rebar and epoxy coated prestressing strand are available technologies
Cathodic protection. Other coatings for steel rebar, such as silicon, are under development. Non-metallic.
Base materials will use to replace steel in severe environments (carbon fiber and glass fiber elements for
rebar, for prestressing strand, and for two- and three-dimensional mesh grids)
The variety of couplers and dowel bar replacement alternatives for splicing rebar continues to
increase. (Prestressing strand in a higher 300 ksi ultimate strength is in limited production. )
Automation and robotic research (development of prototypes for some tasks such as slab finishing.)
Developed for special concrete operations (hydrodemolition, diamond wire cutting, and vacuum blasting
for concrete removal during rehabilitation)
Steel TechnologyCurrent
Heavy use of CAD in detailing. Accurately designed connections which can be made more
economical if design is specified to be predicated upon actual factored loads rather than
maximum or factored member strength.
Improvements in welding for structural applications are occurring through a combination of
materials, equipment and process developments.
Bolted connection production and inspection has been facilitated in the last decade by the
use of load indicator washers and torque control bolts. the re-emergence of electro-slag
welding for heavy structurals.
Inverter power supplies have reduced the size of welding equipment, particularly for field
use.
Plasma arc cutting, a computer controlled articulated arc welding robot with high speed
rotating arc, weldable paints, and automated inspection techniques are among the
technologies that are improving the fabrication process.
Steel Technology Future Trends
The introduction of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for steel structures will replace
Stress Design. Economical and safety.
The development of High Strength Low Alloy steels and In-line Direct Quench or Quenched
and Self-Tempered production methods have promise in producing heavy and high strength
structural shapes which can be welded without or with less preheating.
Research is being to reduce the effect of earthquakes on structures and thereby reduce the
structural costs.
Base isolation, passive control and active control systems are among the approaches in
various stages of development. Reliability of such systems, particularly electro-mechanical
systems, is an important concern.
Research in automated erection is progressing and attention is being directed toward
connections to facilitate the process such as the ATLSS connection and applications of
adhesives, which also may have some fatigue-related side benefits.
Electrical and Instrumentation Construction
Electrical systems and electrical engineering are defined by electronical devices.
Instrumentation systems encompass the automation of industrial processes including the
measurement or sensing of parameters, data collection and transmission, and control.
The installation processes for electrical and instrumentation construction include:
procurement, material management, raceway installation, instrument installation, cable/wire
installation, termination, and system testing and calibration.
Automatic identification technologies such as bar coding, radio frequency tags, voice
recognition, and handwriting recognition systems can easily identify products, materials, tools,
and equipment. As each item is identified, product and material information can be
electronically transferred to a central location for material management.
New raceway systems have utilized integration and modularization to enable more efficient
installation. Integration has been accomplished by combining electrical conductors with their
support systems.
Current and Future Trends
Future innovations in electrical and instrumentation construction will continue to
benefit from the developments in materials, optics, electronics, artificial intelligence,
and computer software. High temperature semiconducting materials may soon
High temperature semiconducting materials
Glass are being heavily utilized in fiber-optic systems.
Optic systems are using in digital data transmission.
Photoprocessors may replace present solid-state electrical components.
Infrared and radio frequency technologies will be increasingly used and improved for
wireless data communications
Greater demands will continue to be placed on the test and measurement industry to make
faster, cheaper, and more accurate instruments.
The capabilities of electronic technology will significantly facilitate instrumentation systems in
the next decade.
Artificial intelligence holds a great deal of promise. This will become increasingly important in
improving controls.
Further development of CAD and database programs should bring more benefits. It is also
foreseeable that hypermedia, virtual reality and artificial neural networks will soon be applied
to electrical and instrumentation construction.
Overall, the trend of electrical and instrumentation construction is towards efficiency, both in
installation and operation.
Mechanical and Piping Construction
Piping and the installation of mechanical equipment were identified by the CICE study
to be among the construction areas that have the highest potential for gain through
technological innovation.
Mechanical systems determines the life-cycle cost of a facility. Of paramount
importance here is the ability of the system to meet its design requirements at optimal
operating and maintenance costs.
Piping ConstructionCurrent and
Future Trends
Computers are getting more powerful and thereby allowing computer-aided design
(CAD), 3-D modeling, and virtual reality systems.
Fabricate pipe according to computer-aided drawing specifications.
Shop welding can be monitored on-line
Computerize instruments may be used to monitor quality control by observing
some construction parameters and determining if they are within acceptable limits.

Machines to fabricate plastic fittings at the site.

Robotic equipment can perform tasks such as positioning of large segments, bolting
and welding, in-pipe machining and inspection, and visual inspection and repair of
pipes.
Automation reduces on-site labor requirements and may also eliminate some of the
required operations.
Robotics can make a significant contribution to safety when used to perform some
of the most dangerous tasks.
Work on computer- controlled machines for the placement of pipe in inaccessible
locations, although quite promising, is not yet complete.
Computers and lasers have been used to provide guidance systems for micro
tunneling pipe-jacking equipment that can install pipe without surface excavation.
Specialized equipment has been developed for in-pipe milling operations. In-pipe
clamped turning machines can improve the quality and reduce the time needed for
local machining of pipe and elbow bends, and nozzles on valves or vessels.
Magnetic sensors, geophones and fiber optic devices are being used to collect field
data that are computer-processed to provide information about the location of
existing buried pipelines, the presence of heavy superimposed loads in the vicinity
of a pipeline and the integrity of steel pipe and structural members.
New materials, such as PVC piping, are gaining acceptance while at the same time
creating new challenges. Thermal expansion of PVC pipe is six times that of steel and
therefore will require more hangers as well as more expansion loops that take up
space and increase costs. The use of plastics instead of brass in fire protection hose
nozzles is another material substitution that reduces not only the initial cost but
theft.
Epoxy, polypropylene and mineral fiber insulation coatings have the potential to
support elevated service temperatures.
Ceramic coated titanium anodes provide corrosion protection of metallic structures
buried in the soil or immersed in water.
Additional options for piping connections are becoming available. Grooved
connections with potentially faster field.
Shop-welded Thread-O-Let systems on branch lines of sprinklers and FIT (Fast
Installation Technique) fittings.
Sleeves for flexible connections between pipes and equipment have been developed
for fuel and steam distribution systems to ease installation and eliminate corrosion.
Tube clamping devices for connecting pipe in air movement systems.
Specialized adhesives for steel to steel connections have been developed.
Other relevant technologies that have been
reviewed include:
Geotechnical fabrics are being used for ground movement reduction.
Lightweight concrete is being used for buoyancy control.
Plastic molded leaching chambers can replace pipe and gravel in septic leachfields.
Barcodes and radio frequencies are being used to control receiving materials and to
manage inventory.
Lasers are increasingly being used for the precise alignment of pipe and equipment.
Mechanical ConstructionCurrent and Future Trends
Intergrate the entities cooling, heating and sprinkler systems likes synergistic system.
Air distribution in industrial plants.
New materials are appearing in HVAC systems. The use of fiberglass duct offers several installation
advantages. Experiments with ductless distribution in HVAC systems go one step further than
changing materials to eliminate extensive ductwork.
HVAC systems cost may be reduced by eliminating exhaust fans and using relief dampers to maintain
building pressure. The increased capability of direct digital control has improved the ability of building
owners to monitor and control their HVAC systems.
The combination of light-beam smoke detectors, infrared heat detectors and water cannons has been
developed to protect against fire
Uses a power spray module with a large pond to dissipate heat instead of installing cooling towers.
The use of a mezzanine gallery for mounting the HVAC and other mechanical equipment indoors
The use of a modular system design for mechanical equipment, ductwork and/or piping which is
duplicated throughout a large plant to increase interchangeability and simplify construction.
Advanced Construction Technology
System
The Advanced Construction Technology System (ACTS) is a computer database designed for the
classification, documentation, and retrieval of information about emerging construction Technologies.
Ultimately, it is anticipated that ACTS will be established as an ongoing information service to the U.S.
construction industry that will help contractors, designers, and owners identify and use emerging
technologies that improve construction efficiency and effectiveness.
The system includes technologies that relate to civil, architectural, electrical, instrumentation,
mechanical, and piping systems.
The software will need periodic upgrades to enhance the systems performance and capabilities. The
database has initially been loaded with about 300 technologies, some at a research stage, some at a
trial use stage, and others at a product stage.
Fields of ACTS