1.

WATERPROOFING &

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
A mortar or concrete is considered impermeable when it
2. PREFORMED ROOFING does not permit passage or flow of water through its
2.01 Types of Roofing pores or voids.
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants The absorption of a mortar or concrete is the property
of drawing in or engrossing water into its pores or
voids by capillary action or otherwise.

If the pores or voids between particles are sufficiently

large and connected from surface to surface of the wall,
the concrete will be permeable to water.

If the pores or voids are very minute, but connect with

one another, theoretically they may act as capillary
tubes, but the capillary forces will tend to hold the water
and prevent the passage of water.
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing The various methods of waterproofing concrete may be
of Concrete
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
classified as follows :
2.01 Types of Roofing
a. Impermeability through a Dense Concrete
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint Accurate grading and proportioning of the concrete
Sealants materials in order to secure a concrete so dense as to
be waterproof.

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes

Applying waterproof coatings or washes to the
concrete after it is on place.

c. Integral Waterproofing Compounds

Mixing foreign substances with the concrete.

d. Membrane Waterproofing
Surrounding the concrete with layers of waterproofing
materials.
 1.
1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING
WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE
a. Impermeability through a Dense Concrete
Portland cement mortar and concrete can be made
practically waterproof or impermeable without the
use of any integral waterproofing materials; but in
order to obtain such impermeable concrete or
mortar considerable care should be exercised in
selecting good materials :
Well-graded sands containing considerable
graded fine material are preferable for making
impermeable concrete, or fine material in the
form of hydrated lime, finely ground clay, or an
additional quantity of cement will be of value.
The consistency of the concrete mixture should
be wet enough so that it can be puddled, mixture
should be well spaded against the forms to avoid
the formation of pockets on the surface.
Care should be taken not to over trowel which
may cause erasing the coating will be effective.
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete Permeable concrete results from :
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing
Defective workmanship, resulting from improper
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint proportioning, lack of thorough mixing, separation
Sealants of the coarse aggregate from fine aggregate in
transporting and placing the mixed concrete, lack
of density through insufficient tamping or spading,
improper bonding of work joints .

The use of imperfectly sized and graded

aggregates.

The use of excessive water, causing shrinkage

cracks and formation of laitance-seams .

The lack of proper provision to take care of

expansion and contraction, causing subsequent
cracking .
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing The materials employed as surface coatings may be
3. JOINT SEALANTS classified as follows :
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants Alum and soap mixtures applied in alternate
mixtures (known as the Sylvester process),
which penetrates the pores of the concrete
forming insoluble compounds due to chemical
action between the alum and soap solutions,
and these compounds prevents percolation.

- use in proportions of gal. of soap to 1 gal. of

water, and 2oz. of alum to 1 gal. of water, both
substances to be perfectly dissolved in water
before using.

- should be applied with a soft, flat brush (one

for each solution), the soap boiling hot and the
alum solution at 60 to 70F.
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Alum, lye and cement washes .
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants Cement grout, with or without the addition of
water-repellants.

Paraffin and other

mineral bases, applied
cold in solution or
prepared in melted.

Miscellaneous
materials of unknown
composition sold under
various trade names.
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Specially prepared bituminous products, e.g.,
3. JOINT SEALANTS FLINT-KOTE, JOHN-MANSVILLE, etc
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants Asphalt emulsions - Generally called Asphalt
Base Clay Emulsions, minute asphalt particles
dispersed in water and maintained in suspension
(until applied) by a mineral colloid emulsifying
agent. When the water vehicle evaporates,
resilient reinforced weatherproof film remains
which resist the passage of free water but allows
movement of water vapor through the film and are
classed as breathing films.
Cutback Asphalts - composed of a variety of
products from thin liquids to heavy paste, often
one or more asphalts dissolved in solvent are
filled with minerals and fibers to meet
requirements of different coating uses and provide
tough, durable films resistant to the passage of
water vapor.
 1.
1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING
WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE
c. Integral Waterproofing Compounds
These are manufactured and sold under various
trade names, and are available in powder or liquid
form, e.g.:
SAHARA
POZOLITH
AQUELLA
Truscon ZILICON
ANTI-HYDRO
The addition of the integral waterproofing
compounds will not, however, compensate for lean
mixtures, nor for poor materials, nor for poor
workmanship in the fabrication of concrete
 1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete d. Membrane Waterproofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing
Layers of waterproofing materials used in this
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint method range from ordinary tar paper laid with
Sealants coal-tar pitch to asbestos or asphalted felt laid in
asphalt.
 2. PREFORMED ROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
a. Sheet Metal Roofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Galvanized Iron Roofing various corrugations
3. JOINT SEALANTS and rib sections.
3.01 Types of Joint Aluminum Roofing various corrugation and
Sealants
rib sections
b. Plastic Roofing
Plastic various corrugation and rib sections
Polycarbonate corrugated and flat sheets

c. Tile Roofing
Clay
Concrete
d. Shingles
Wood
Tar
 2. PREFORMED ROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
a. Sheet Metal Roofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Galvanized Iron Roofing
3. JOINT SEALANTS Corrugated galvanized iron sheets are
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants manufactured in lengths of 5 to 12 ft. in 1 ft.
increments, the 8 ft length being the most
commonly used.
Width of sheets is 32. Each sheet has 10
corrugations with a pitch of 3.
For roofing, Ga. 26 is generally specified, Ga.
24 is preferred.
Galvanized iron sheets are also sometimes
used as siding for industrial buildings. When
used as siding, courses shall be lapped at
least 6.
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 2. PREFORMED ROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods a. Sheet Metal Roofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Aluminum Roofing
3. JOINT SEALANTS Corrugated aluminum is rigidized sheet
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants fabricated of special aluminum alloys
specifically developed for this purpose.
Has a high insulating value and is about one-
sixth lighter than similar materials.
Is silvery in color, strong and does not stain
adjoining materials.
It reacts, however, with dissimilar materials,
lead-base paints green or damp wood, certain
wood preservatives, lime mortar, concrete, and
other masonry materials and must be insulated
from contact with these materials .
Width of sheets are 32-5/8, 32, 31-1/2, 31-
1/8, and 30-5/8; lengths are from 6 to 12 ft. in
1 ft. increments. Number of corrugations for
32 sheets and wider is 12; sheets of narrower
width have 10 corrugations.
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 2. PREFORMED ROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods b. Plastic Roofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Corrugated or Ribbed Roofing
3. JOINT SEALANTS Corrugated sheets are manufactured in in
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants same widths and lengths as Metal Sheet
Roofing.
Metal reinforced plastic roofing is available.
Ideally used in sites of high salinity levels.

Sheet Roofing
Polycarbonate Sheets.
Ideally used in greenhouses, patios, outdoor
sheds, and skylights.
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 2. PREFORMED ROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods c. Tile Roofing
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Clay Tiles
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants Concrete Tiles
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 2. PREFORMED ROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods d. Shingles
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing Wood Shingles
3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Tar/Asphalt Shingles
Sealants
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 3. JOINT SEALANTS
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods a. Bituminuous Cement
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing is a black substance available in solid, semi-solid,
3. JOINT SEALANTS or liquid states at normal temperatures.
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
composed of mixed indeterminate hydrocarbons,
appreciably soluble only in carbon disulfide or
other volatile liquid hydrocarbon.

used for sealing built-up roofing, and joints and

cracks of concrete pavements.
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING 3. JOINT SEALANTS
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1.02 Vapor
3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS
Barriers
1.03 Sawing Methods b. Silicone Sealant
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
1. WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
2. PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

End of
Div 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION