ANALYSING

MOMENTUM
 Tendency of an object to keep on moving
MOMENTUM with the same speed in the same direction

Momentum, p = m v
m = mass
v = velocity

Vector Quantity

Same direction of the velocity

Unit : Kgms-1
 MOMENTUM

A mass of an object which traveling with a certain velocity has

momentum
Momentum, p = m v
The momentum of an object will increase if
the mass of the object increase
the velocity of the object increase
 MOMENTUM

Which has more momentum ? Why ?

Characteristics of Elastic Collision
The objects will separate and move off with
different velocities after they do collide

The total system kinetic energy before the

collision equals the total system kinetic energy
after the collision

v1 m2 v2
u1 m2 u2 m1
m1

BEFORE AFTER
Elastic Collision

v1 m2 v2
u1 m2 u2 m1
m1

BEFORE AFTER

total initial momentum = total final momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
What is the total initial momentum ?
Initial momentum of the ball = mv
= ( 15 ) ( 20 )
= 300 kgkmh-1
Initial momentum of the girl = mv
= ( 60 ) ( 0 )
= 0 kgkmh-1
Find final velocity, v.

total initial momentum = total final momentum

(60 + 15 ) v = 300
75v = 300
v = 4 km/hr
The Principle of Conservation of Momentum

In any collision or interaction between two or

more objects in an isolated system,
the total momentum of the system will remain constant;
that is,
the total initial momentum will
equal the total final momentum

..\..\LINK FILES\normal\normal\phe\ncradle.htm
A 15-kg medicine ball is thrown at a velocity of 20 km/hr to a 60-
kg person who is at rest on ice. The person catches the ball and
subsequently slides with the ball across the ice

Before the collision, the ball has momentum and the person does
not

The collision causes the ball to lose momentum and the person to
gain momentum. After the collision, the ball and the person travel
with the same velocity ("v") across the ice
What is the total final momentum ?
Total final momentum = m1 v + m2 v
= 15 v + 60 v
= ( 15 + 60 ) v

Find final velocity, v.

Granny (m1=80 kg) whizzes around the rink with a velocity of 6 m/s.
She suddenly collides with Ambrose (m2=40 kg) who is at rest
directly in her path. Rather than knock him over, she picks him up
and continues in motion without "braking."
Determine the final common velocity of Granny and Ambrose
COLLISION

Three types of collisions :

i. Elastic collision
ii. Inelastic collision
iii. Explosion
Elastic
collision
Inelastic
collision
Characteristics of Inelastic Collision
The objects will move together with the same
velocity after they do collide
The total kinetic energy before the collision is
not equal to the total kinetic energy after the
collision. A portion of the kinetic energy is
converted to other forms of energy such as
sound energy and thermal energy

u2 m1 m2 v
m1 u1 m2

BEFORE AFTER
Inelastic Collision

u2 m1 m2 v
m1 u1 m2

BEFORE AFTER

total initial momentum = total final momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2 ) v

..\..\LINK FILES\normal\normal\phe\collision.htm
Explosion
The separation of objects which are initially at rest

BANG !

m1 m2

At rest ; u = 0

After collision, each moves in different direction and velocities

 Balloon moves
upwards

air
balloon

Air moves
downwards

Momentum of the air downwards, is moving the balloon upwards.

 Initial velocity of bullet and gun = 0

Gun moves Bullet

backwards moves
forwards

Momentum of gun backwards = Momentum of bullet forwards

 Man steps forward out of a boat and onto the nearby river bank

Momentum of man forwards moves

boat backwards

Man moves
forwards

Boat moves
backwards
 A mixture of
Rocket propulsion hydrogen gas and
oxygen is burnt
in a combustion
chamber.
The exhaust gases
are discharged
Liquid
downwards at a high
hydrogen Liquid velocity
oxygen
The jet of exhaust
gases have a large
momentum
downwards.
exhaust gases push
Combustion the rocket upward
chamber
exhaust
ROCKET
 How an airplane moves forwards ?

Atmospheric air is drawn into the engine and compressed

by a compressor
The compressed air is fed into the combustion chamber
and produce gases with a high temperature.
Kerosene fuel is injected and the mixture is ignited.