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This document discusses the key elements of speech writing including outlining the main points, introducing the topic, concluding effectively, using transitions, developing a central idea or proposition, choosing an organizational pattern, and delivering the speech extemporaneously. It also covers evaluating speeches using different theoretical approaches such as ethical, truth, pragmatic, artistic, and contribution theories.
This document discusses the key elements of speech writing including outlining the main points, introducing the topic, concluding effectively, using transitions, developing a central idea or proposition, choosing an organizational pattern, and delivering the speech extemporaneously. It also covers evaluating speeches using different theoretical approaches such as ethical, truth, pragmatic, artistic, and contribution theories.
This document discusses the key elements of speech writing including outlining the main points, introducing the topic, concluding effectively, using transitions, developing a central idea or proposition, choosing an organizational pattern, and delivering the speech extemporaneously. It also covers evaluating speeches using different theoretical approaches such as ethical, truth, pragmatic, artistic, and contribution theories.
This is the framework of the entire speech showing the principal points to be covered, the order, their relationship to one another and their importance. - Introduction - The Proposition - The Body - The Conclusion Introduction Accomplishes two main goals Captures attention and develops interest by establishing common ground between speaker and audience. Shows purpose of speech, leads audience to proposition. The Last Word After the summary comes the ending which gives a feeling of completeness. We should avoid abrupt endings. If our purpose or discussion is a persuasive type, we should at the end conclude with an appeal or a challenge or a provocative thought or question. Sometimes, we could end our speech with a story or a quotation. Some speakers prefer to go back to their opening remarks. This method can work well by giving a feeling of unity and successful completion. Transitions Are words, phrases, sentences or groups of sentences which join ideas together and direct thoughts along paths we intend to follow. Transitions tell the audience where you have been, where you are, where you intend to go. They link the main divisions of the speech and at the end of the main points in the body of speeches. They commonly contain such wordings as: In addition to.. There is another reason (element, factor, consideration, fact). Equally important is . Since ..Is so, Questions can also serve as useful transition. E.g. - How? - Why? - What? - When? - Where? - Who? What is a Proposition? Proposition - Every good teacher has three major qualities: Body: - The good teacher knows his subject - The good teacher knows his teaching techniques - The good teacher knows how to relate to students. Proposition - There are new careers in the healthcare industry. Body - Health workers perform a variety of services - Laboratory technicians obtain useful information on patients levels of stress - Physicians assistants performs certain diagnosis and therapies. Patterns of Organisation Chronological pattern Spatial pattern Topical pattern Ascending and descending order Casual sequences Problem-Solution sequence Indirect sequence Direct sequence Motivated sequence Function of Outlines Convey the basic plan Provide for content and organisation Use of full-sentences or proposition to represent our plan. Reveal the nature of ideas and the characteristic of their relationship should be clear verbally and visually. There are no hard and fast rules. However, these rules assist us draw an outline. Kinds of Speeches The After-Dinner speech The Nominating speech The Presentation speech The Acceptance speech The Welcome speech The Tool of Persuasion in the Communication Process In our daily relationships with people, we employ our verbal and non-verbal powers or skills to influence people. At the same time, we seek gratifying response including the acceptance of our ideas, plans and values. The Tool of Persuasion in the Communication Process. We essentially live by persuasion. Functionally, persuasion simply means identifying with people positively to influence others. It involves finding ways to relate to them in their beliefs, feelings and attitudes. And of course, we can influence people negatively too e.g. peer groups relationships with regards to anti- social behaviour in the society. In varying degrees, people necessarily are caught up in their own lives and patterns of habit and thought. We might call them private provinces of being. We each have our provincial nature or territory and for anyone to relate with us, he/she must try to meet us in our province. Good communication or persuasion is based on a transaction between speaker and audience featuring means by which the parties involved can cooperate. The areas of agreement are found in the same places as the areas of disagreement: in concepts, methods, attitudes, words and customs. Types of Speech Information Persuasive Entertainment Developing our Central Idea There are many kinds of support material from which to choose. They include: - Facts - Testimonies - Examples whether extended or brief, real or hypothetical Methods of Delivery Impromptu Manuscript Memorized Extemporaneous How to Evaluate and Assess a Speech Whenever a speech is given, it is often evaluated or criticized whether formally or informally, be it experts or analysts. Speech critique is a normal occurrence particularly with our political leaders. Ethical theory Truth theory Pragmatic theory Artistic theory Contribution theory Eclectic or relativistic theory