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Cooperation
Today
Examples?
Shared Resources
Examples?
Linked Issues
Examples?
Solutions
Garrett Hardin:
Privatization
Government regulation/ mutually agreed
coercion.
Framework convention
Set of principles, norms, goals and mechanisms for cooperation,
but no major obligations
Conference of parties
Protocols
Specific obligations (most intense negotiations)
Implementation provisions.
Reporting; monitoring (rare); trade sanctions (rare); assistance.
Norms (soft rules)
Voluntary codes of conduct
Public-private partnerships
Realism: Assumptions
Maximize power
Fear each other
Follow own interest defined as security and
maximization of RELATIVE power
War is means not an end
Non-security issues (particularly environment,
human rights) of secondary, if any, importance
Cooperation unlikely (although not impossible)
Institutions irrelevant b/c reflect distribution of
power
Neoliberal Institutionalism
Assumptions
Facilitate Cooperation:
institutionalize iteration (long-term calculations and
reciprocity conducive to cooperation)
-provide information (monitor, change of strategy)
-credible commitments
-issue linkage
-reduce transaction costs (make agreements and
monitoring less costly to administer)
-resolve distribution conflicts
Key Differences
Definition of power
Definition of interests
Role of institutions
Interpreting environmental
cooperation:
Realism?
-focus on hegemon, interests, power relations
Liberal institutionalism?
-focus on interests, power, institutions, bargaining
Constructivism?
-focus on norms, ideas, networks that spread ideas
Other factors?
-domestic politics; non-state actors; transnational actors
Regime Effectiveness: