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Microhardness and

morphological changes induced


by Nd: Yag laser on dental
enamel: an in vitro study
2010 APRIL 8

JOURNAL OF REARCH AND METHODOLOGIES


Introduction:

Laser are being widely used for clinical cases and research
work.

scientific literature shows laser treatment on enamel make


it more resistant to demineralization and caries.

Anderson JR and colleagues found laser irradiation caused


15% reduction demineralization compared to control group
and 25% adding acidulated phosphate fluoride.

Huang GF, obtained, 43% inhibition of caries damage in


fissures and 80% on smooth surface using Nd:AG laser and
fluorine varnish.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the
morphological and hardness variations of the
enamel irradiated
By neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet(Nd:
YAG) laser using different radiating energy levels
on Dental Enamel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

SAMPLES: 27 human teeth were analyzed.

The samples were kept in physiologic solution prior to


treatment.
Irradiation by Nd:YAG Laser Pulse Master 600 IQ

(American Dental Technologies, Corpus Christi,


TX,Texas)
Group A : control group, no treatment

Group B : lased with 60 mJ energy, 10 Hz frequency


and 0.6W power

Group C : lased with 120 mJ energy, 10 Hz frequency


and 1.2 W power

Group D : lased with 160 mJ energy, 15 Hz frequency


and 2.4 W power
Materials and methods

In group : B ,C and D
Enamel was irradiated for 20 sec by Nd: YAG laser ,
with a 1064 nm wave length,

Irradiation : conducted by an optic fibers probe

Diameter : 200m , directed perpendicular to the


enamel(5x5 mm2 ) surface.
Methods of test

Five samples per group underwent


to Vickers micro-hardness test
This test is to measure the hardness of
materials .common measures of hardness,
is to observe the questioned materials
ability to resist the plastic deformation
from the standard source.

Two teeth by scanning electron


microscopy.
Result
Vickers hardness test:

The results of micro hardness tests show

No statistically significant differences between test

and control groups.


Scanning electron microscopy:

Group B: similar morphological pattern.


Group C: Glazed areas, cracks and craters
Group D: morphology completely different from control.

Enamel prisms ,became larger and irregular arrangement.


Discussion:

1. Laser has been proposed for preventive treatment, Diagnosis


of caries , etching, to de bond ceramic brackets and more
recently to enlarge the root canal during the endodontic
therapy.

2. In group B samples showed glazed surface absent micro


cracks this makes enamel more resistant to caries.

3. Group D samples show long straight columns separated by


voids, could be used for conservative dentistry.
finish

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