Introduction to GIS

What is GIS?
A Geographic Information
System or Geospatial
Information System is a computer
system for capturing, storing,
checking, and displaying data related
to positions on Earths surface. GIS
can show many different kinds of
data on one map, such as streets,
buildings, and vegetation. This
enables people to more easily see,
analyze, and understand patterns and
relationships.

Source: National Geographic Society ( http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/ )

Application of GIS to DRRM
Mitigation
Reduce the effects of an anticipated or already occurred disastrous event.

Preparedness
Limit the impact of disaster events on people.

Response
An effective plan designed to minimize the effects of the catastrophe

Disaster Recovery
The aim of the recovery phase to restore the affected area to its previous state.
GIS Tools
GIS Tools
Base Maps
Road Map / Street Map
Normal, Default 2D Map

Satellite
Photographic Map

Hybrid
Photographic Map + Roads

Terrain / Topographical
Map with Mountains, Rivers, etc.

Street View
Ground level view of the map
 Road Map / Street Map
Normal, Default 2D Map

Google Street Map

By
By Google
Google

Open Street Map

By
By OSM
OSM Foundation
Foundation
Satellite
Photographic Map

Hybrid
Photographic Map + Roads

Street View Map

Ground Level View

Terrain or Topographical
Map w/ Mountains, Rivers, etc.
ArcGIS Supported Base Maps
Imagery
Imagery with Labels
Streets
Topographic
Dark Gray Canvas
Light Gray Canvas
National Geographic
Oceans
Terrain with Labels
OpenStreetMap
Data Layers

Raster
Vector
Grid (for elevation)
Other formats
Data Layers

Raster
Digital aerial photographs,
imagery from satellites, digital
pictures, or even scanned maps.
Data Layers
A raster consists of a matrix
of cells (or pixels) organized
into rows and columns (or a
grid) where each cell contains
a value representing
information (E.g. Elevation,
Temperature, etc.)
Data Layers
Dagupan Orthographic Photo
from DOST
Data Layers

Vector
A representation of figures using
points, lines, and polygons.
Data Layers

Grid
A form of Raster that includes
elevation data.
Data Layers

Others
Other forms of data that can be
used for GIS. (E.g. Excel data,
*.csv, *.tif, *.jpeg, etc.)
Coordinates
Latitude
X Coordinate or horizontal mapping lines

Longitude
Y Coordinate or vertical mapping lines
Spatial Reference System (SRS)
Otherwise known as Coordinate Reference System (CRS) is a coordinate-based
local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities. A spatial reference
system defines a specific map projection, as well as transformations between different
spatial reference systems.

SAD69 WGS84
South American Datum 1969 World Geodetic System 1984

GRS 80 NAVD88
Geodetic Reference System 1980 N. American Vertical Datum 1988

NAD83 ETRS89
North American Datum 1983 European Terrestrial Reference
End.