Critical

thinking
Suprajitno
 * Berpikir dan Kritis

Berpikir: Suatu aktivitas mental seseorang

untuk mengambil suatu keputusan.
Kritis: Suatu kegiatan untuk membuat respons
secara tepat.
Berpikir kritis: Suatu kegiatan proses berpikir
memberikan dengan bukti sebagai
pertimbangan, konteks (permasalahan),
konseptualisasi (membentuk konsep), membuat
metode, dan menentukan kriteria secara tepat.
 Definition
Is an essential skill in the administration of
safe, competent nursing care.
The process gives reasoned consideration to
evidence, contexts, conceptualization, methods,
and criteria.
As reasonable reflective thinking that is
focused on deciding what to believe or do.
Also involves questioning: Why? Who? What?
When? Where?
Critical thinking relationship to problem
solving and decision making.
Problem solving is a systematic approach,
resulting in the formation of solutions.
Decision making involves choosing from
among options. it is a step in the
problem-solving process.
Critical thinking is a style of thinking that
is necessary for success with all the other
processes.
Critical thinker
* Seseorang yang memiliki karakteristik untuk berpikir
independen (bebas) tanpa dipengaruhi oleh
pemikiran orang lain.
Sebagai kebiasaan sehingga dapat dipelajari dan
dilatih.
 The critical thinker
nurses
Raises vital questions and problem, formulating them
clearly and precisely.
Gather and assesses relevant information, and can
effectively interpreted.
Comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing
them again relevant criteria and standard.
Thinks open-mindedly within alternative system of
thought, recognizing, and assessing, as need be, their
assumptions, implications, and practical consequences.
Communicates effectively with others in figuring out
solutions to complex problem.
Critical thinking is, in short, self directed, self
discipline, self monitored, and self corrected thinking.
Pembiasaan agar berpikir kritis
1. Dapat membuat masalah dan pertanyaan utama,
merumuskan secara jelas dan akurat.
2. Menerima dan mengkaji informasi yang relevan, dan
mampu menginterpretasi secara efektif.
3. Mampu menyimpulkan dan membuat solusi yang baik
dan didasarkan data, dapat menetapkan kriteria dan
standar yang relevan.
4. Berpikir terbuka dengan beberapa alternatif, menerima
pemikiran orang lain, dan mengkaji lanjut sesuai
kebutuhan.
5. Berkomunikasi efektif dengan orang lain dengan
memberikan solusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang
kompleks.
Intellectual standards
in thinking
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breadth
Logic
Significant
Fairness
Process of critical thinking
 Core Skill of Critical Thinking

Interpretation
Analysis
Evaluation
Inference
Explanation
Self regulation
Ketrampilan berpikir kritis
1. Interpretation. Suatu kemampuan untuk
mengerti dan menjelaskan suatu informasi
atau kejadian.
2. Analysis. Dapat merumuskan kegiatan yang
didasarkan pada tujuan
3. Evaluation. Dapat melakukan penilaian
berdasar data yang dimiliki.
4. Inference. Dapat membuat suatu kesimpulan.
5. Explanation. Suatu kemampuan menjelaskan
dan menjawab secara rasional.
6. Self regulation. Memiliki kemampuan
mengendalikan terhadap pikiran diri sendiri.
 Pitfalls in critical thinking
Illogical process
Bias
Closed mindedness
 Nursing Process Application
The nursing process is a problem solving
method that is unique to nursing.
Nursing process is considered to be a specialized
form of systematic inquiry or problem solving
process used in drawing conclusions about the
patients problems and the corresponding
nursing actions to resolved problem.
The major steps of the
nursing process
Evalu- Assess-
ation ment

Implemen- Analy-
tation sis

Plan-
ning
 Kaitan dengan
Proses Keperawatan
 Assess Collect
validate
ment
data
Diag-
NANDA
nosis

NOC
Plan
NIC
Imple Delegate
and
ment priority

Evalu
ation NOC