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Facultatea de

Matematica si
Informatica

Data Visualization

23.11.2016

Copyright 2016 NTT DATA Deutschland GmbH


Finding the story!

Identify and understand the story you are trying to tell and the
relationship you are looking to show

Copyright 2016 NTT DATA Deutschland GmbH 2


Data Types

Quantitative - Data that can be counted or measured;

Discrete - Numerical data that has a finite number of possible values.

Continuous - Data that is measured and has a value within a range

Categorical - Data that can be sorted according to group or category

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Data Relationships

Nominal Comparison Deviation Ranking

Time-Series Distribution

Correlation Part-to-Whole

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Chart Types

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Bar Chart

They are best used to show change over time, compare different
categories, or compare parts of a whole.
Vertical best used for chronological data

Horizontal best used for data with long category labels

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Stacked best used where there is a need to compare multiple part-to-
whole relationships.

100% Stacked best used when the total value of each category is
unimportant and percentage distribution of subcategories is the primary
message

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USE HORIZONTAL LABELS

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SPACE BARS APPROPRIATELY

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START THE Y-AXIS VALUE AT 0

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USE CONSISTENT COLORS

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ORDER DATA APPROPRIATELY

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Pie Chart

Pie charts are best used for making part-to-whole comparisons with
discrete or continuous data. They are most impactful with a small data
set.
Standard used to show part-to-whole relationship

Donut - Stylistic variation that enables the inclusion of a total value or


design element in the center.

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VISUALIZE NO MORE THAN 5 CATEGORIES
PER CHART

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DONT USE MULTIPLE PIE CHARTS FOR
COMPARISON

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MAKE SURE ALL DATA ADDS UP TO 100%

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ORDER SLICES CORRECTLY

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Line Chart

Line charts are used to show time-series relationships with continuous


data. They help show trend, acceleration, deceleration, and volatility.

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INCLUDE A ZERO BASELINE IF POSSIBLE

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DONT PLOT MORE THAN 4 LINES

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USE SOLID LINES ONLY

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LABEL THE LINES DIRECTLY

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USE THE RIGHT HEIGHT

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Area Chart

Area charts depict a time-series relationship, but they are different than
line charts in that they can represent volume

Area Chart Stacked Area 100% Stacked Area

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MAKE IT EASY TO READ

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START Y-AXIS VALUE AT 0

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DONT DISPLAY MORE THAN 4 DATA
CATEGORIES

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USE TRANSPARENT COLORS

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DONT USE AREA CHARTS TO DISPLAY
DISCRETE DATA

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Scatter Plot

Scatter plots show the relationship between items based on two sets of
variables. They are best used to show correlation in a large amount of
data.

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START Y-AXIS VALUE AT 0

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INCLUDE MORE VARIABLES

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USE TREND LINES

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DONT COMPARE MORE THAN 2 TREND LINES

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Bubble Chart

Bubble charts are good for displaying nominal comparisons or ranking


relationships.
BUBBLE PLOT

BUBBLE MAP

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MAKE SURE LABELS ARE VISIBLE

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SIZE BUBBLES APPROPRIATELY

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DONT USE ODD SHAPES

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Heat Map

Heat maps display categorical data, using intensity of color to represent


values of geographic areas or data tables.

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USE A SIMPLE MAP OUTLINE

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SELECT COLORS APPROPRIATELY

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USE PATTERNS SPARINGLY

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CHOOSE APPROPRIATE DATA RANGES

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Best Practices

Surprise the reader with an unexpected twist.


Keep it simple and to the point
Visualize data in a way that is easy for readers to compare values
Use one color to represent each category
Order data sets sing logical hierarchy
Use callouts to highlight important or interesting information
Do use icons to enhance comprehension and reduce unnecessary
labeling
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/learn-more/chart-dos-
and-donts
Info-graphic: https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/10/the-dos-and-
donts-of-infographic-design/
https://venngage.com/blog/dos-donts-infographic-resumes/

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Best Practices

Dont try to say too much with one chart.


Dont use boring titles that tell everything in the first sentence.
Dont show dry numbers without context.
Dont use high contrast color combination such as red/green or
blue/yellow
Dont use 3D charts
Dont add chart junk (illustrations, shadow, ornaments) that distracts
you from the data
Dont use more than 6 colors in a single layout
Dont use distracting fonts or elements (bold italic, underlined text)

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