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Lubrication

Of
Roller Bearings
Roller Bearings have a long history

1794

around 700 BC 1869


40 AC

around
3000 BC
Tasks of Roller Bearings

l reducing friction
l transfer of loads
l guiding rotating parts
Friction
Energy losses through friction

Although rolling friction is already very low, manufacturers of roller


bearings and lubricants work continuously on further improvements..

10 % = 1/2 E [AUS+BR+E+S]
SKF
one of the worlds biggest manufacturers of roller
bearings
made the following calculation:

If it can be managed to drop the friction in all roller bearings


installed on the globe only by further 10%,
the combined total electricity consumption of the countries
Australia, Brasil, Spain und Sweden
could be cut to a half !
Roller Bearings are named after the
Shape of their rolling Elements

ball spherical roller spherical roller


symmetrical asymmetrical

cylindrical roller conical roller

needle roller
Friction in Roller Bearings

l small portion of rolling friction


l but considerable share of sliding friction at:
roller bearing rings
cages and / or
rolling elements against each other
Kinds of Lubrication
of Roller Bearings

90% by greases

9,5% by oils 0,5% by solid lubricants only


The most important Parameters for
selecting the suitable Lubricant

revolution or DN - factor
D+d
DN = n
2
D = external bearing diameter [mm]
d = internal bearing diameter [mm]
n = revolution per minute [rpm]
D+d
dm= medium bearing diameter [mm] =
2

temperature range
DN- Factors for OKS Bearing Greases
Temperature Range of OKS Bearing
Greases

with MoS2

with MoS2 + Mox - Active

with MoS2
with Mox - Active

with MoS2 + Mox - Active


with PTFE

with white solid lubricants

with PTFE

with PTFE
Lubrication by greases

Grease pump

Contamination may
cause bearing failures.
Seals protect to a large
Frequent relubrication is required when
extent from outside contaminations.
the hazard of grease contamination exists.
Same applies if the grease should seal also
against penetrating moisture.

Newly supplied grease pushes out both


Contamination penetrating through used up and contaminated grease
labyrinth channels. through the labyrinth packing seals.
Relubrication Intervals for Grease
lubricated Roller Bearings

Small bearings with lateral seals or cover plates do not


need any relubrication. They are already for - life lubricated.

For all other roller bearings relubrication intervals become valid.


Guidelines for
Relubrication Intervalls
Example: A deep-groove ball bearing with an internal diameter
tfc d= 100mm running at a speed of n = 1000 rpm. The operating
Lubrication interval,
10 000 temperature lies between 60 and 70 C.
given by service hours
Which is the expected relubrication interval?
tfb 6 000
The vertical in point n= 1000 rpm on the abscissa
20 000 4 000 cuts the curve for d= 100mm. From there the horizontal leads
to the outer left-hand scale (deep- groove ball bearings)
tfa 15 000 3 000
indicating a relubrication interval of 10000 service hours
20 000 10 000 2 000
15 000 7 500 1 500

10 000 5 000 1 000

5 000 2 500 500


d=10

3 000 1 500 300


20
2 000 1 000 200
1 500 750 150

1 000 500 100

40
500 250 50
tfa = radial ball bearing 500 420 360 280 240 200 160 120 100 80 60
tfb = cylindrical roller bearing / needle bearing100 200 500 1 000 2 000 5 000 10 000
tfc = self aligning roller bearing / taper rolling bearing / axial roller bearing n [U/min]
massive cylindrical roller bearing (0,2 tfc), axial cylindrical roller
bearing (0,5 tfc)
Correction of Relubrication Intervals

The assessed intervals are valid only for:

l bearings in stationary machines


l normal load
l ageing-proofed greases
l temperature < + 70C at the outer ring
Dependance of Relubrication
Intervals on Tempearture

C Lubrication interval
100
l above 70C the factor 0,5 applies
for each temperature rise of 15C
85 i.e. with a temperature rise from e.g.
70C up to 85C the service life of
the grease is cut by half.
70

l below 70C the factor 2 applies


55 for each temperature drop of 15C

i.e. with a temperature drop from e.g.


40 70C down to 55 C the service life of the
grease is doubled.

Temperature at the outer ring


Lubrication by Oil

is used at high speeds resp. at DN-factors exceeding


1.000.000 and in case heat conduction is necessary.
Oil bath lubrication

Suitable only for bearings with low speeds.


During stand-stills the oil level should not
quite reach the middle of the rolling element
at the bottom. .
Oil injection lubrication

At high speed it becomes necessary,


that the air turbulence circulating with
the bearing is penetrated by the oil.
This is ensured by injecting oil under
high pressure (min.15 m/s) from the side
into the bearing.
Circulatory oil lubrication

Cooling

pump

With increasing speed the service temperature


rises and accelerates the ageing of the
lubricating oil.
By circulatory lubrication the
oil can be cooled and consequently
the service temperature be reduced.
Lubrication with Solid Lubricants

Deep groove ball bearings with increased clearance


required at:

l high temperatures > + 200 C

l high temperature variations

l low speed
Lubrication with Solid Lubricants -
Exsample

Kiln-car bearings in the ceramics and brick industry

Lubrication by Solid
Lubricants only
at temperatures > + 200 C
OKS 230 MoS2-High Temperature Paste
(for thin-film lubrication during assembly and maintenance)

in connection with

OKS 310 MoS2-High-Temperature Lubricant


(for relubrication during operation)

The carrying fluid evaporates residue-free above 200C and


dry MoS2 films remain, which assure lubrication up to 450C.
OKS Speciality Lubricants for
Roller Bearings at:

l High loads
l Shock stress
l Vibrations
l Low or high speed
l Stop-and-go operation
l Very low or very high temperatures
l Temperature variations
l Humid conditions
l Corrosive influences
l Long-term lubricating needs
l Use in the food industry
Thank You
for Your
Attention

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