Nanotechnology

A Brief Overview

-Identifying Opportunities and Strategies-

 We are placing bets on things we can do
uniquely well.

First, new ways to power the world.

Second, molecular medicine.

And third, nanotechnology.

- Jeff Immelt, CEO, General Electric

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 What is Nanotech?

NanoTechnology Art and science of manipulating atoms and

molecules to create new systems, materials, and devices.

Nanomeasurement Size

Nanomanipulation Building from the bottom up.

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 Size Matters

How Big is a Nano?

Nano = 1 billionth;100,000
xs smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
A cubic micron of water
contains about 90 billion
atoms. A micron is one
thousandth of a millimeter,
and a thousand times
larger than a nanometer.
Another way to visualize a
nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000
nanometers

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 Applied Nanotechnology
Examples of Current Research and Applications

Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,

Materials Science
C-NanoFabrics
Energy Solar Power and PhotoVoltaics, Hydrogen Fuel
Cells, LED White Light
Medicine/Biotech Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip,
C-Nanotubes,BuckyBalls

Electronics MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits

Devices Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM, MEMS

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 Disruptive Apps - Materials

Fiber that is stronger than spider web

Metal 100 xs stronger than steel, 1/6 weight
Catalysts that respond more quickly and to more agents
Plastics that conduct electricity
Coatings that are nearly frictionless (Shipping Industry)
Materials that change color and transparency on demand.
Materials that are self repairing, self cleaning, and never need
repainting.
Nanoscale powders that are five times as light as plastic but
provide the same radiation protection as metal.

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 Disruptive Apps - Energy

Fuel cell technology becomes cost effective

within 3 years.
Batteries that store more energy and are
much more efficient
Plastics and paints that will store solar power
and convert to energy for $1 per watt.

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 Disruptive Apps - Computing

Silicon is hitting its size limit, Moores law

reaches maximum in 2007
SuperChips Combination of Silicon and
Galium Arsenide create wireless chips
Plastic semiconductors manufactured by
regular printing devices cheaply produced.
Electronic Paper

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 Disruptive Apps Bio Medicine

Cosmetics that can penetrate the skin

Cures for Aids, Cancers, Alzheimer's, Diabetes
Ability to view cells In vivo - Fast Drug Creation
Nanomaterials that can see inside vessels for plaque
buildup
Technology that can re-grow bone and organs
NanoSensors for disease detection 10xs faster
and 100,000 xs more accurate
Nanofilters will help create impurity free drugs.

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 Key Terms You Need to Know

BuckyBalls
Carbon Nanotubes
MEMS
Quantum Dots
Molecular Self
Repair/Assembly
MRAM/Spintronics
Lithography

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 Carbon Nanotubes

4 nm width (smaller
diameter than DNA)
100xs stronger than
steel 1/6 weight
Thermal/electrically
conductive
Metallic and Semi-
Conductive

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 BuckyBalls C 60

Roundest and most

symmetrical molecule
known to man
Compressed becomes
stronger than diamond
Third major form of pure
carbon
Heat resistance and
electrical conductivity

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 MEMS and Quantum Dots

Micro Sized Motor Quantum Dot

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 Obstacles and Hurdles

Mass Production/Throughput and Cost

Constraints

Funding Requires Long-Term Investments

Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office

that is Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified

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 The International Race for
Nanotech Supremacy

1998 Bill Clinton Signed the NNI Government

Nanotech Funding
June 2003 - Congress approves (In Billions)

$2.3b in additional funding 800

600
Europe and Asia are Moving Fast
400
Maybe Faster
S.Korea just announced a $2b 200
gov. initiative 0
98 000 002 003
19 2 2 2
Why? Because Winner controls U.S Japan
Europe Other
manufacturing for next century
Source: IEEE Spectrum August
15 2003
 U.S Market
Nanomaterials Projections

(In Billions)

$40,000 $35,000

$30,000

$20,000

$10,000 $125 $1,000

$0
2000 2007 2020

16 Source: The Fredonia Group

 Resources

Must Read Books

As the Future Catches You Juan Enriquez
Investors Guide to Nanotechnology and Micromachines Glenn Fishbine
Next Big Thing Is Really Small: How Nanotechnology Will Change the Future of Your
Business Jack Uldrich, Deb Newberry
Hacking Matter Will McCarthey

Periodicals
Forbes/Wolfe Nanotech Report
MIT Technology Review
Science
Nature

Web www.nanotechgroup.org

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