Definition of the position of a

point in a straight line

In our everyday life, in order to define the position
of an object in the space, we use the words next
to, on, to the right ofetc. For example, the
glass is on the table, next to the vase. We always
refer to an other object.
In mathematics, we do the same: we refer to some
point as a reference point, in order to define the
position of an object
 The reference system is now a
rectangular system of coordinates
(named Cartesian in mathematics)
 MOVEMENT ON A STRAIGHT LINE
The position of a point M is defined
with 2 numbers (x, y) called coordinates
of M. For example, in order to find the
position of M, we draw two vertical lines
on the axis x, y. The verticals traces on
the axis x, y, correspond to the numbers
4 and 3.
Heres my space
Heres a point in the space

.
Drawing 2 straight lines, an ordinate
and an abscissa

.
 Separating in equal points the
ordinate and the abscissa, we draw
horizontal and vertical lines and we
succeed in finding the point.
 IN THE SAME WAY WE DIVIDE
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH IN
A GRID OF COORDINATES
 LONGITUDE: IN DEGREES FROM 0 TO 180 TO THE EAST
(FIRST MERIDIAN GREENWICH LONDON, NORTH
HEMISPHERE)

LATITUDE: FROM 0 DEGREES TO 90 DEGREES IN THE

NORTH AND FROM 0 TO 90 DEGREES IN THE SOUTH WITH
FIRST BIG PARALLEL THE EQUATOR
 THE GRID OF COORDINATES HELPS US TO
DEFINE THE POSITION OF AN OBJECT OR OF A
PLACE IN THE SPACE
CHESS
THIS GAME TAKES PLACE IN A EUCLIDEAN
SPACE, SO THE MOVEMENTS ARE ALWAYS
GEOMETRIC
THE BISHOP
THE MOVEMENTS OF
THE BISHOP ARE
ALWAYS DIAGONAL.
THE KNIGHT
THE MOVEMENTS OF
THE KNIGHT ALWAYS
FORM A GAMMA
(GREEK LETTER )
 ROOK
THE ROOK ALWAYS
MOVES TO THE RIGHT,
TO THE LEFT,
FORWARD AND
BACKWARDS
ART-MATHEMATICS-MAGIC SQUARE
 ART-MATHEMATICS-MAGIC SQUARE
This is a painting representing
only a girl! But if you pay more
attention you will see a magic
square. Whats particular with
it? The sum of the numbers of
each line and diagonal is equal
to 34. The numbers 15 and 14
form the chronology of
creation of the painting. Also
the numbers 4 and 1
correspond to the German
letters D and A , the initials of
the artists name Albrecht
Durer.
Magic squares

Magic square is a rectangular square arrangement of

positive integral numbers, so that the sum of the
numbers of each line, column and diagonal is the
same. The magic squares are the basis of Sudocu.
 Firstly, we draw a big or a small square. After, we draw
nine small cases, three in each column and three in
each line. Then, we think of a number, for example 21,
so that this number comes out of the addition of the
numbers of the cases, horizontally, vertically and
diagonally. Lets see step- by- step what it is about.
 In the centre we put a number, for example 7.
Diagonally we add and subtract the same number: for
example 1, so we have the numbers 8 and 6 respectively
and we put them diagonally.

We realize that they sum up to 21.

 After, in the same way, we add
and subtract an other number,
for example 3, so we have the
numbers 10 and 4.
 Finally, we complete the remaining cases with the
numbers which give the sum of 21. As a result, the
magic square of 21 is: