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Avoidance System
Presentation By:-
Arvind Kumar Singh
1996 Charkhi Dadri, India Saudi B-747 / Kazakhstan IL-76 (349 fatalities)
Generation of TA
Threat Detection
Generation of RAs
Coordination
Communication with Ground Stations
7/28/2017 Traffic Alret and Collision Avoidance System 9
Salient Features of TCAS
Collision Avoidance System
Predicts time to and separation at the intruders CPA using
Range
Closer rate
Altitude and vertical speed
Issue TA
If further close, will issue RA ( Five second crew reaction
time to achieve separation)
Display different traffic symbols , changes colour and shape
depends upon urgency
Can track 45 aircraft and display 30 of them
21 aircraft in a 5 NM radius, can provide advisory
7/28/2017 Traffic Alret and Collision Avoidance System 10
Alerting Threshold Values
TCAS alerts based on time to closest approach and time to being co-
altitude (tau)
All RAs are inhibited below 1,000 AGL
Fixed distance alerting thresholds are also used in some situations
Many parallel runway operations
500 IFR/VFR separation when both aircraft are level
TCAS does not consider IFR/VFR status or pilot intentions
7/28/2017 Traffic Alret and Collision Avoidance System 11
Transition from Passive to Active Surveillance
RA Sense Selection
Selection of Non-crossing
RA Sense
Increase Rate RA
RA Reversal