Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
February 2004
Oct. '03 the Guidelines for Feb. '04 Draft Revised Radio Law
Spectrum Refarming published submitted to the Diet
Radio Policy Vision (Report of the Telecommunications Council)
(Trillion Yen)
2013 distributors, education,
medical/nursing
92 Tri. Yen
100 care/welfare services, games,
etc.
80 37.8
2008 Industries Using Radio *
43 Tri. Yen Security service, Airline,
60
2000 Maritime, Railway and
19 Tri. Yen 9.7 25.8 Automobile transportation
40 services etc.
1.6 9.9
28.3 Core Radio-based Industries
20 23.4
17.5
Cellular Operators,
0 Broadcasters, Related
2000 2008 2013 manufacturers, Contents
creaters, mobile EC etc.
* Radio-related Amounts
Dynamic Review of Frequency Allocation
It is necessary to dynamically review radio (1)dynamic review of radio spectrum allocation in all frequency bands including
those assigned to the national government and public corporations.
spectrum allocation in order to facilitate the (2)Encourage licensees to return redundant spectrum not being used efficiently.
introduction of radio systems required for the (3)refarming of radio spectrum, which are used for radio systems actually
worlds most advanced Wireless Broadband replaceable with fiber-optic cables etc., to other radio systems such as mobile
Environment communications, for which radio spectrum use is indispensable.
(4)Rapid refarming of radio spectrum to new radio systems with higher demand.
Expansion of usage in the future *1 Concepts for addressing radio Measures to be taken for promotion
spectrum demands
Mobile Large increase in demands for radio spectrum Based upon results of survey on actual Examples of major candidates for additional frequency
Communicatio (based on forecast methods developed by ITU) radio spectrum usage including those bands for mobile communication systems
- 270 MHz bandwidth (current status) in the public sector,
n Systems - 800MHz band, 1.5 GHz band (currently in use for MCA)*2
(below 5-6GHz) - 330 340 MHz bandwidth (5 years later) (1) Create radio spectrum for new use, - 1.7 GHz band (currently in use for fixed communications)
through efficient use of radio spectrum
- 1,060 - 1,380 MHz bandwidth (10 years later)
and transition to fiber-optic cables - 4 GHz / 5 GHz bands (currently in use for fixed
(2) Rapid refarming of radio spectrum communications)
Wireless LAN Large increase in demands for radio spectrum (3) Shared-use with other radio Examples of major candidates for additional frequency
(mainly in (based on forecast methods developed by ITU) systems bands for Wireless LANs.
5GHz band) - 200 MHz bandwidth (current status) - 4.9-5.0 GHz band (currently in use for fixed
- Max. 480 MHz bandwidth (5 years later) communications)
- Max. 740 MHz bandwidth (10 years later) - 5.25-5.35 GHz band (currently in use for radars)
- 5.47-5.725 GHz band (currently in use for radars)
Terrestrial Smooth penetration and development of - Smooth implementation of measures - Frequency assignment for facilitating nationwide
Digital digitalization for conversions of current TV deployment of digital broadcasting
frequencies for digitalization. - The UHF band except those used for digital TV will be
Television
- Radio spectrum vacated by the used for mobile communications after 2012; the VHF
termination of conversion process band will be used for radio systems with high demand
(analog/digital simulcasting) will be after 2011.
used for mobile communications, etc.
RFID Advanced utilization of electronic tags will 135 kHz, 13.5 MHz, 2.4 GHz bands Consideration of available frequency bands, based on
(Electronic evolve in diversified fields such as physical are currently in use. concrete images of applications using RFID.
distribution.
Tag)
ITS, HEO *3, Development of these radio systems will Clarification of available frequency Implementation of domestic frequency assignment,
UWB progress. bands, necessary bandwidths, etc. considering international spectrum allocation and
based on considerations concerning international harmonization.
trends in R&D, sharing conditions.
*1 The figures of the bandwidths of Mobile Communication Systems and Wireless LAN are round numbers.
*2 MCA: Multi-Channel Access (a trunked radio system.)
*3 HEO : Highly Elliptical Orbit satellite system used for satellite communication, radiodetermination etc.
Facilitation of rapid radio spectrum refarming
The amendment to the Radio Law in 2002 institutionalized the scheme for conducting
surveys and evaluation on actual radio spectrum usage and publicizing the results. The
survey conducted by MPHPT every year is to cover one of three sections of the radio
spectrum, such that in three-years time, the surveys will have covered all of the radio
spectrum.
MPHPT evaluates the extent of efficiency in radio spectrum usage based on the survey
results through seeking public comments, and publicizes the results.
The Radio Regulatory Council recommends that MPHPT formulate refarming plans, as
appropriate, taking into consideration such evaluations, in order to meet demands for
other radio systems such as mobile communication systems and wireless LANs.
Should refarming need to be completed in a short term, e.g. 3 years from the
formulation of a frequency refarming plan, incumbent licensees will be forced to
dismantle radio facilities that the licensees purchased and constructed in the past and to
purchase and construct alternative facilities.
The Council recommends that MPHPT conduct studies on establishment of a scheme to
compensate incumbent licensees for refarming costs such as a portion of the remaining
book value and the dismantling cost of the radio facilities, etc.
Surveys and Evaluation on Actual Radio Spectrum Usage
All of the radio spectrum is divided
Survey Items into the following three sections.
Number of radio stations
Traffic
Surveys on Actual Radio Surveys are made every year on
one of the sections.
Years in use of radio facilities
Replaceability with other
Spectrum Usage Below 770MH
Above 770MH/below 3.4GH
means of telecommunications Above 3.4GH
such as fiber-optic cables
etc.
Reflectio
n
In the introduction of auction systems into licensing procedures, there could be a risk that
the introduction hinders effective radio spectrum use, in such a way as the
delay/withdrawal of services due to extremely high bidding prices as seen in some
European countries. Accordingly, from the viewpoint of promoting effective radio spectrum
use by incorporating advantages of market principles, it is necessary to consider other
appropriate measures by which such kind of demerits can be avoided.
In the report of Radio Policy Vision, it recommends that MPHPT conduct studies on
introduction of a licensing system incorporating the following assessment items in the
process of comparative examination in addition to appropriateness of business plans:
- A portion within the amount of the frequency refarming costs to be shared by new
licensees.
- Expansion plans of service areas (i.e., facilities investment amount, etc.) etc.
It is also appropriate to ensure transparency and fairness in licensing procedures through
publication of figures concerning assessment items prior to the assessment.
Outline of Draft Revised Radio Law
Target
Solution
Incumbent
New Spectrum Users Licensees
<A new entry is possible on vacated frequencies>
RLAN, etc. New entry <Station for fixed
Restaurant microwave links>
s
Internet
Withdrawal
- No alternative frequencies
Intelligent Home Appliances - Shorter transition period within 3 years
(10 years for the existing scheme)
Economic Costs to Incumbent Licensees
(Salvage Value, Removal Cost and so on)
Economic benefits
to new spectrum Collection of additional Spectrum User Fee
users from new spectrum users
Enhancing flexibility of radio spectrum use
Background:Technological
<Bandwidth Guaranteed Type>
Development, etc.
Shared Use Type
Broadcasting stations, Best Effort systems such
Cellular Phones, etc. Introduction (planned)
as High Power Out-door
Radio LAN
322.4
381.3
430
440
13.56
76
253.9
255
322
380.2
413.7
469.5
806
810
MHz
(2MHz) (35.1MHz) (97MHz) (161MHz) (100MHz) (80MHz)
1216
1217
1252
2497
5000
5091
1253
1884.5
1919.6
2400
4900
5030
5150
5250
5770
5850
MHz
(30MHz) (200MHz) (900MHz) (7000MHz) (1000MHz)
10.51
10.54
24.05
24.25
24.77
25.23
27.02
27.46
59
66
76
77
GHz
Review of the Allocations to Mobile, Fixed, and Other Services
in the 5 GHz Band (WRC2003 Agenda Item 1.5)
- The frequency band that can be used for outdoor applications has
Major frequency bands been greatly expanded.
being used now More users are able to use faster communications.
-Common frequency bands that can be used on a worldwide basis
have been expanded.
Users can benefit from improved convenience and less
expensive equipment.
Promotion of establishment of experimental radio stations