The Reproductive System

Dr MBA

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Introduction
Male and female reproductive systems
Function together to produce offspring
Female reproductive system nurtures developing
offspring
Produce important hormones

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Male Reproductive System

Testes
Primary organs
Develop in the abdominal
pelvic cavity of fetus
Descend into scrotal sac
shortly before or after
birth
Produce the male sex cells
(sperm)
Produce the male hormone
testosterone
Scrotum sac that holds
the testes
Seminiferous tubules
On top of testes
Filled with spermatogenic
cells that produce sperm
cells
Interstitial cells produce
testosterone

Male
System

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Male Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs
Epididymis Seminal vesicle
Sits on top of each testis Secrete
Fluid rich in sugar used to
Receives spermatids from make energy
seminiferous tubules Prostaglandins stimulate
Spermatids become sperm muscular contractions in
cells female to propel sperm
forward
Seminal fluid
Vas deferens Released into vas deferens
Tube connected to just before ejaculation
epididymis 60% of semen volume
Carries sperm cells to Male
urethra System

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Internal Accessory Organs

Male Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs (cont.)
Prostate gland Bulbourethral (Cowpers)
Surrounds urethra glands
Produces and secretes a Produce a mucus-like fluid
milky, alkaline fluid into Secreted just before
ejaculation
urethra just before
Lubricates end of penis
ejaculation
Fluid protects sperm in the
Semen
acidic environment of the Alkaline mixture
vagina Nutrients
Prostoglandins
40% of semen
1.5 to 5.0 ml per ejaculate
Sperm count of 40 to 250
million / ml Male
System

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Male Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs (cont.)
Scrotum Penis
Shaft
Holds testes away from
body Erectile tissues surround
urethra
Temperature 1 below body Glans penis
temperature Cone-shaped structure on
Lined with serous end of penis
membrane that secrets fluid Prepuce
Skin covering glans penis
Testes move freely
in uncircumcised males
Functions
Deliver sperm
Urination
Male
System

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

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Female Reproductive System:

Ovaries and Ovum Formation
Ovaries (2)
Primary sex organs produce
Sex cells called ova
Hormones estrogen and progesterone
Located in the pelvic cavity
Medulla
Inner area; contains nerves, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels
Cortex
Outer area; contains ovarian follicles
Covered by epithelial and dense connective tissues Female
System

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Female Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs
Tuba uterina oviduct
Infundibulum and fimbriae
Fringed, expanded end of fallopian tube near ovary
Function to catch an ovum

Muscular tube
Lined with mucous membrane and cilia
Propels ovum toward uterus
Internal Accessory
Organs

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Female Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs (cont.)
Uterus Internal Accessory
Organs
Hollow, muscular Wall of uterus
organ Endometrium
Receives embryo and Innermost lining
sustains its Vascular
Tubular glands mucus
development
Myometrium
Divisions Middle, thick, muscular
Fundus domed upper layer
portion Perimetrium
Body main portion Thin layer covering the
Cervix narrow, lower myometrium
section extending into Secretes serous fluid to
vagina (cervical orifice) coat and protect uterus

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Female Reproductive System:

Internal Accessory Organs (cont.)
Vagina
Tubular, muscular organ
Extends from uterus to outside body (vaginal introitus)
Muscular folds rugae enable expansion
Receive erect penis
Passage for delivery of offspring and uterine secretions
Wall
Innermost mucosal layer
Middle muscular layer
Outer fibrous layer
Internal Accessory
Organs

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Internal Female Organs

Back

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Female Reproductive System:

External Accessory Organs
Mammary glands
Secretion of milk
Structures
Nipple
Oxytocin induces
lactiferous ducts to deliver
milk through openings
Areola pigmented area
around nipple
Alveolar glands within
mammary glands
Make milk when
stimulated by prolactin

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Female Reproductive System:

External Genitalia
Collectively known as the vulva
Labia majora
Rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin
Protect other external reproductive organs

Labia minora
Fold of skin between labia majora
Very vascular
Merge to form hood over clitoris
Vestibule space enclosed by labia minora
Bartholins glands secrete mucus during sexual arousal External
Genitalia

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Female Reproductive System:

External Genitalia (cont.)
Clitoris
Anterior to urethral meatus
Contains female erectile tissue
Rich in sensory nerves
Perineum
Between vagina and anus
Area for episiotomy, if needed, during birth
process
External
Genitalia

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Thank you very much for your kind

attention
The
reproduction of
mankind is a
great marvel
and mystery.

~Martin Luther

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved