Pharmacology: Quick Review

ABCD of Cardiac Drugs

ACEI
BB
CCB
DIURETICS
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diltiazem
[Cardizem]
Nifedipine
[Procardia]
Verapamil [Calan]
nicardipine
hydrochloride
[Cardene SR]
Nimodipine
[Nimotop]
Diuretics
Loops:furosemide [Lasix]
bumetanide (Bumex), and
torsemide (Demadex)
Thiazides: HCTZ; thiazide-like:
metolazone (Zaroxolyn
K-sparing: spironolactone
[Aldactone]; triamterene
(Dyrenium), amiloride
(Midamor).
Osmotics: mannitol [Osmitrol]
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:
acetazolamide [Diamox]
Beta-Adrenergics Agonists
Albuterol [Proventil]
SABA
Levalbuterol[Xoponex]
SABA
Pirbuterol [Maxair]
SABA
Salmeterol [Serevent]
LABA
Formoterol (Foradil] LABA
Metaprotenerol [Alupent}
Epinephrine [Adrenalin]-
used for anaphylaxis
 Methylxanthines
Theophylline [Theo-dur]
Bronchodilation & relaxes respiratory smooth muscles.
Used for asthma and COPD [maintenance].
Drug has a narrow therapeutic index, so serum levels must be
monitored.
Therapeutic levels: 10-20 mcg/dL. Levels between 5 and 15
mcg/mL are considered appropriate for most patients. All levels
above 20 mcg/mL, the risk of significant adverse effects is high.
Toxicity is related to levels. Treatment: at first sign of toxicity,
STOP drug. Give activated charcoal together with a cathartic.
 Methylxanthines
Adverse effects: Cardiac & CNS most
dangerous=toxicity [above 20 mcg/dL].
GI: n/v,Gerd, anorexia

Cardiac overstimulation:
INCREASED force of contraction [positive
inotropy] increases CO & blood flow to kidneys
[DIURESIS]
INCREASED HR [positive chronotropy]
CNS overstimulation:Vasoconstriction
Anticholinergics
Ipratropium [Atrovent]
Atropine
Methanthaline
[Banthine]
Propantheline [Pro-
Banthine]
Dicyclomine hcl
[Bentyl]
Antituberular Agents
Isoniazid [INH]
Rifampin [RIF]
Pyrazinamide [PZA]
Ethambutol [ETH]
 GI Drugs
PPI PPI: Prazole Family
Esomeprazole (Nexium]-
PO/IV
lansopraxole (Prevacid)-PO
omeprazole (Prilosec)- 1st
PPI; PO
rabeprazole (Aciphex)-PO
pantoprazole (Protonix)-
PO/IV
Omeprazole/sodium
bicarbonate [Zegerid]-OTC
capsules-PO
GI: Antacids
Aluminum salts
Al carbonate: BASALJEL
Hydroxide: AlternaGEL
Combo AL & Mg:
Gavsicon, Maalox,
Mylanta, Di-Gel
Magnesium salts: Hydroxide
salt: Milk of magnesia
Calcium salts-Tums (calcium
carbonate)
Sodium bicarbonate-Alka-
seltzer
 GI H2RA
Histamine 2 receptor Antagonist
Competitively BLOCK H2 receptor of
parietal cells
Parietal cells < responsive to HISTAMINE & to
stimulation of ACh and gastrin
Agents:
Cimetidine [Tagamet]-PO/IV/IM
Ranitidine [Zantac]-PO/IV
Famotidine [Pepcid]-PO/IV
Nizatidine [Axid]-PO
End in TIDINE or DINE
All available OTC
Anticoagulants

Warfarin [Coumadin]
Heparin
Enoxaparin-
Lovenox-Parin
Family
Seizure Meds
Phenytoin [Dilantin]
Normal 10-20 mg/dL
Gingival hyperplasia
Ataxia
GOOD ORAL CARE
Watch for toxicity
Carbamezapine {Tegretol]-
monitor drug levels
Pregabalin [Lyrica]
divalproex sodium [Depakote]-
also used for bipolar
Valproic acid [Depakane]
Also used for migraines & bipolar
NSAIDS
Ibuprofen {Motrin]
Naprosyn
{Naproxen]
ASA
Ketorolac {Toradol]
Indomethacin
{Indocin]
diclofenac
potassium [Zipsor]
Bisphonates
Osteoporosis
Dronate Family
etidronate [Didronel],
alendronate [Fosamax]),
pamidronate [Aredia],
risedronate [Actonel],
clodronate [Bonefos],
tiludronate [Skelid] &
ibandronate [Boniva]
Proper administration
Take with full glass of
water.
Take 30 minutes before
food or other meds.
Remain upright for at least
30 minutes.
 Drug Therapy
Selective estrogen Denosumab (Prolia)
receptor modulators Monoclonal antibody
Raloxifene (Evista) for postmenopausal
Reduces bone women
resorption Subcutaneous
injection every 6
Teriparatide (Forteo) months
Portion of parathyroid
hormone
First drug to stimulate
new bone formation
 Bone Therapy Drugs
Calcitonin [Salmon Calcitonin-Calcimar]
Inhibits bone resorption
Give IM form at night to minimize side
effects
Alternate nostrils when using nasal form
Must use calcium supplementation
Prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism
Gout Drugs
Zyloprim
[Allopurinol]
Febuxosta [Uloric]
Colchicine [Older,
not commonly used]
MG
Edrophonium
[Tensilon]
Digoxin [Lanoxin]